Paramyx 2 and Toga Flashcards by Chris Rodarte

Morbillivirus is in what family of virus?

Paramyxo

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Morbillivirus causes what named disease?

Measles (Rubeola)

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Morbillivirus hosts

Only humans

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Morbillivirus genome and shape:

ss -RNA , helical

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Envelope proteins of Morbillivirus

HA + Fusion (F)

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How many subtypes of Morbillivirus are there? What does this mean regarding vaccinations/immunity?

One antigenic type…. This makes vax easy, and immunity permanent.

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Morbillivirus lacks what envelope protein?

Neuraminidase

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Morbillivirus : Viremia Y/N?

Yes, acute manifestations in lymph and resp.

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Morbillivirus clinical characterization (two stages)

URT symptoms during Prodromal stage…… Maculopapular rash during eruptive stage.

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Morbillivirus three C’s during what stage?

Prodromal stage: Coryza, Cough, Conjunctivitis

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Major Sign for Morbillivirus

Koplik spots (second molar oral mucosa)

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Morbillivirus Rash pattern

Head 1st, Limbs 2nd…………Erythematous-> Confluent……..rash fades in the same sequence it appears

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Koplik spots appear after _____ days

2-3

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Morbillivirus fever y/n?

yes. 104

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Atypical Morbillivirus forms in whom?

Patients with incomplete immunity d/t vaccination with the original killed-virus vaccine

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Modified Morbillivirus severity?

Less severe. Exposed people given serum IG

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Morbillivirus common complications:

Otitis Media, PMA, Croup (laryngotracheobronchitis), Exacerbation of TB…..(KERATITIS that can lead to blindness)

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_____ was one of the main reasons for introducing Morbillivirus vaccination?

Encephalitis

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2 Major rare complications of Morbillivirus

Encephalitis and SSPE (subacute sclerosing panencephalitis)

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SSPE caused by _____ Morbillivirus

immune resistant

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SSPE tends to occur…

YEARS after measles… incubation of 10.8 years

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Other rare complications of Morbillivirus

a bunch of -itis’s………..myocard/pericard, hep, append, ileocol.

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Pregnancy complications of Morbillivirus

Pneumonitis, SSPE, hepatitis, but LOW PERINATAL transmission rates

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Morbillivirus infectious time period?

4 days before and after RASH onset

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\_\_\_\_\_ is key to Morbillivirus pathogenesis

Viremia

Viremia (s) locations

1- reticuloendothelial system........2- epithelial surface (conj, UT, CNS)

Morbillivirus first replicates in...

the RESP Tract and LYMPH nodes

Second Morbillivirus viremia does what?

disseminates virus to other systems after 5-7 days

Morbillivirus causes generalized \_\_\_\_\_

immunosuppression

Morbillivirus causes _____________________ with immunodeficient patients

fatal GIANT cell PNA

\_\_\_ and ___ are most common complications of Morbillivirus

Ear infections and PNA

1 in 4 people in developing world die from _________ related to Morbillivirus.

malnutrition and Vit A deficiency. Leading cause of BLINDNESS in African children.

Morbillivirus Transmission

Airborne (respiratory)

Antibodies to Morbillivirus first appear when?

2 days after rash develops

Morbillivirus clinical diagnosis chiefly made from

Triad, Koplik spots, adn Cephalocaudal rash

Lab tests for Morbillivirus

CBC (leukopenia), LFT (TA levels high), IgG and IgM testing, RTPCR

Morbillivirus vaccine type

live attenuated MMR

Rubulavirus a.k.a

Mumps

Mumps genome

ss -RNA

Mumps host

humans only

Mumps serotypes

only one serotype -- lifelong immunity

Mumps incubation time

12-26 days

Mumps Major Sx

Swelling, FEVER, Jaw/neck pain, Fatigue

up to \_\_\_% of Mumps are asymptomatic

20%

Major mumps complications

Orchitis/Oophoritis

Orchitis is uncommon in...

boys under 10 years old

Oophoritis occurs in \_\_\_% of postpubertal females

Orchitis occurs in up to \_\_\_% of postpubertal males

50%

Other Mumps complications (not orchitis/oophoritis)

Pancreatitis, Aseptic Meningitis, Encephalitis (w permanent CNS problems)

Most specific indicator of pancreas involvement in Mumps is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Lipase levels

Mumps locally replicates in \_\_\_\_\_\_

Nasopharynx and regional lymph nodes

Mumps viremia established after how long?

12-25 days

Mumps virus disseminates from upper airway during \_\_\_\_\_\_

Viremia

Mumps viremia leads to ______ infection

systemic

Mumps transmission

Person to person, respiratory droplets, fomites

Mumps season

Late winter-spring

Mumps infectious period

3 days before, 9 days after onset

Mumps treatment

none

Mumps vaccine schedule

First dose as MMR @ 12 months or olde........ Second dose for school-aged kids or high exposure individuals

Togaviridae includes what viruses?

Rubella + Alphavirus

Rubella genome:

ss+RNA

Rubella shape

icosahedral

Rubella enveloped y/n?

yes

Rubella serotypes/variants?

only one

Rubella replication pattern

+RNA acts like mRNA and binds to ribosome. Translated to EARLY and LATE phases.

2/3 of Rubella genome translates....

one polypeptide that is cleaved into (NSP1-4) protease and RNA dependent RNApol

1/3 of Rubella genome translates...

Capsid and Envelope (E1-3) proteins

Rubella is aka

German Measles

Rubella is generally a _____ disease

mild

Serious version of Rubella is...

Congenital Rubella Syndrome - causes fetal death or defects

A Rubella infection may be transmitted from a ________ person

completely asymptomatic

Rubella incubation time

2-3 weeks

\_\_\_ occurs in 50-80% of Rubella cases

Rash

Rubella's most characteristic clinical feature:

Swollen lymph glands behind the ears

Infected adults can develop ____ from Rubella

Arthritis

Conginital Rubella Syndrome ... ___ chance of passing on to fetus if infected early in pregnancy?

90%

Three conditions mentioned as being related to Congenital Rubella Syndrome

Autism, DM, Thyroid dysfunction

Rubella isn't really as much of a concern for...

males (because congenital is the bad one... only women can pass that one)

Three most common conditions caused by Congenital Rubella?

Hearing Loss, Patent Ductus Arteriosus, Cataract

Rubella, unlike other Togaviruses, is a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Respiratory virus

Rubella hosts

Humans only

Rubella spreads from nasopharynx to ____ & \_\_\_\_, which causes \_\_\_\_\_

Lymph nodes + Macrophage/Monocyte system....... causes viremia

Circulating Rubella antibody can block what

Primary and Secondary viremias, as well as vertical transmission through the placenta.... therefore IMMUNE DEFICIENT women can pass to fetus.

Rubella Dx Tests

IgG titre, Presence of Rubella specific IgM + rash = confirm diagnosis

Rubella vaccine

1. MMR 2. Tetravalent MMRV

\_\_\_\_\_ Rubella vaccine no longer available in US

Monovalent

MMR is given in...

two doses

Paramyx 2 and Toga Flashcards

(87 cards)