"Other" Mucosal Pathogens Flashcards

1
Q

what is the most common form of bacterial infections

A

urinary tract infection

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2
Q

what is the difference b/w uncomplicated UTI and a complicated UTI ?

A

Uncomplicated - all normal defense mechanisms are intact, only in lower urinary tract
Complicated - structural abnormality in urinary tract that has spread to kidney

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3
Q

what are the natural defenses found in the urinary tract

A
  • voidance of bladder
  • peristalsis
  • one way ureter valves
  • pH
  • normal microbiota
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4
Q

what pathogen is the most common cause of UTI’s

A

UPEC (uropathogenic E-coli)

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5
Q

what are fimbriae used for by pathogens

A

used specifically for adhering to uroepithelial wall

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6
Q

what 2 proteins does UPEC produce to help cause a UTI

A

aerobactin - binds iron from host which increases its virulence
hemolysin - toxin that lyses host cells

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7
Q

what 2 pathogens are known to cause uncomplicated UTI’s

A

UPEC and Proteus mirabilis

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8
Q

if a UTI infection spreads to the kidney it is termed ?

A

pyelonephritis

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9
Q

which is a more severe form of uncomplicated UTI, UPEC or Proteus

A

Proteus mirabilis

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10
Q

what are the virulence factors of proteus mirabilis

A

flagella, fimbriae, hemolysins, IgA protease, urease

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11
Q

what does Prtoeus virulence facter IgA protease do ?

A

degrades IgA host Antibodies

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12
Q

what pathogen has urease as a virulence factor and why is that importatn

A

Proteus mirabilis

-makes pee more basic (raise pH) allowing for (1) better growth (2) a toxicity to renal cells (3) causes urinary stones

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13
Q

how do you diagnose which pathogen is causing a UTI

A

count bacteria in urine

  • pH of piss (basic is proteus)
  • presence of urease=proteus
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14
Q

how do you treat UTI

A

antimicrobials

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15
Q

what pathogen causes bacterial pneumonia

A

Klebsiella

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16
Q

what is the most important virulence factor of Klebsiella

A

has a antiohagocytic capsule allowing it to evade macrophages

17
Q

what does aerobactin protein of Klebsiella do

A

sequesters iron from host making it more virulent

18
Q

what pathogen is known as the “slow” bacterium

A

Helicobacter pylori

19
Q

where does Helicobacter pylori tend to colonize and cause infection

A

mucous cells of the stomach

20
Q

what pathogen can cause a number of diseases that are all preceded by chronic superficial gastritis

A

Helicobacter pylori

21
Q

helicobacter pylori is very sensitive to what ?

A

acid

22
Q

helicobacter pylori has the ability to downregulate somatostatin producing D cells, what is the effect on the host by this ?

A

inhibits gastrin, (makes stomach acid) which allows an environment for acid-sensitive helicobacter pathogens to grow

23
Q

what is the difference b/w an invasive and non-invasive test for the diagnosis of helicobactor pylori

A

noninvasive - urea breath test (prescence of urease)

invasive - culture stomach lining