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Micro > Staphylococcus > Flashcards

Staphylococcus Flashcards

1
Q

what are the main characteristics of staphylococcus

A

gram positive, facultative anaerobic

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2
Q

is staphylococcus motile ? does it form spores ?

A

non motile and nonspore forming

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3
Q

what is the result of the catalase test for staph

A

catalase positive

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4
Q

a positive coagulase test would mean the sample is what species

A

staphyloccus aureus

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5
Q

what is the causative agent of staph that infects humans ?

A

staphylococcus aureus

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6
Q

what are the potential infections caused by staph aureus

A 
integument wounds (falliculitis)
bacteremia
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7
Q

how do humans encounter staph ?

A

30-40% of humans carry it in nares and only causes a problem if the right oppurtunity arises

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8
Q

how does staph gain entry into the host

A

damage to skin, hair follicles, or mucosal surfaces

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9
Q

the spread/multiplication of staph in the host is variable with ?

A
  • innoculum size
  • immunocompetance
  • how close to vascularization
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10
Q

what populations are at elevated risks for severe staph infection

A

young children, elderly, diabetics, people with bad immune system

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11
Q

what are MSCRAMMs

A

microbial surface components recognizing adhesive matrix molecules
-help staph stick to and colonize on host tissue

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12
Q

what are the 3 main MSCRAMMs of staph

A
  • Fibronectin binding proteins
  • collagen binding proteins
  • clumping factors that bind fibrinogen
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13
Q

how does staph cause damage to the host

A

acute suppurative inflammation (accumulation of puss)

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14
Q

the pus accumulation of staph is actually an accumulation of what ?

A

neutrophils

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15
Q

what are PMNs

A

polymorphonuclear WBCs

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16
Q

what specific PMNs is involved with the damage caused by staph

A

neutrophils

17
Q

what role do PMNs play when staph pathogens enter the host

A

-first responders (US Marines)

perform phagocytosis, release toxic ROS, release signalling cytokines

18
Q

what are the virulence factors of S. aureus

A
  • polysaccaride capsule
  • protein A (blocks host Ab)
  • pore forming toxins
19
Q

what pore forming toxin does S. aureus produce that destroys PMNs

A

Panton-Valentine Leukocidin

20
Q

Staphylocaccal Scaled Skin Syndrome (SSSS) is a result from ?

A

exfoliative toxins from S. aureus causing layers of epidermis to seperate

21
Q

how do exfoliative toxins of S. aureus work ?

A

they are proteases that destroy desmosomes of the epidermis, thus separating epidermis

22
Q

What is toxic shock syndrome caused by ?

A

S. Aureus producing toxic shock syndrome toxin (TSST-1)

23
Q

what is TSST-1

A

superantigen

24
Q

what is a superantigen

A

it is an antigen that causes unregulated activation of helper T cells, which causes a “cytokine storm”

25
Q

what does the cytokine storm of toxic shock syndrome cause

A
  • fever
  • capillary leakage
  • rash
26
Q

Food poisoning is caused by ?

A

Staphylococcus aureos in unrefridgerated food causing an intoxication

27
Q

what is the mechanism of food poisoning caused by S.. aureus

A

causes release of enterotoxin A which is a superantigen

28
Q

what makes the crosslinks in gram positive peptidoglycan cell walls

A

Penicilan Binding proteins

  • transpeptidases
  • transglycosylases
29
Q

how do Beta lactam antimicrobial agents work ?

A

they inhibit Penicilan binding proteins so inhibit formation of peptidoglycan cell walls in gram + bacteria

30
Q

what is the aquired allele/protein in Methicillan resistent S. aureus (MRSA)

A

PBP2a

31
Q

what drug is used to treat methicillan resistant S. aureus (MRSA) ?

A

Vancomycin

32
Q

what is the most effective tool to prevent spread of staph

A

wash hands

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