passmed :0 Flashcards by zoe coyne

bone profile results for osteoporosis

usually normal
normal PTH
normal calcium
normal phosphate

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first line treatment for ankylosing spondy

exercise and NSAIDs

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treatment for an acute attack of gout

continue allopurinol if already on it

start colchicine

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tumour markers for testicular cancer

gynaecomastia
excess HCG
excess oestrogen
increased AFP

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what is diuresis after relief of urinary retention

polyuric state large volumes of salt and water are lost, with the risk of patients developing hypovolaemia, dehydration, and electrolyte imbalances.

at first its physiological but after 48hrs its pathological

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treatment for renal cell carcinoma

radical nephrectomy

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organism for peritonitis secondary to peritoneal dialysis

staph epidermis

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medical treatment for someone with lots of calcium in their urine and a renal stone

thiazide diuretics

-as thiazides increase distal tubular calcium reabsorption therefore decrease calcium in the urine and stone formation

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painless visible haematuria

bladder cancer

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treatment for patients with severe hyperkalaemia (>6.5)

IV calcium gluconate

IV insulin/dextrose

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methods to remove potassium from the body

calcium resonium
loop diuretics
dialysis

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which testicular cancer has a better prognosis

seminomas

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what should all men with erectile dysfunction get checked

morning testosterone

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schistosoma infection is strongly linked to which type of cancer

SCC bladder

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mechanism of action of goserelin

GnRH agonist

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if patients on spironolactone get gynaecomastia, which diuretic should they be switched to

eplerenone

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investigation for priapism

cavernosal blood gas analysis

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what are the indications for haemodialysis in AKI

hyperkalaemia (>7) or unresponsive to medical therapy >6.5
severe acidosis (pH<7.15)
fluid overload e.g. pulmonary oedema
urea >40, pericardial rub/effusion

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what nerve innervates the external urethral sphincter

pudendal nerve

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does diarrhoea cause acidosis or alkalosis

acidosis

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does vomiting cause alkalosis or acidosis

alkalosis

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treatment for osteomalacia in CKD patients

aledronic acid

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treatment for anaemia in CKD

oral iron before erythropoietin

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why does CKD lead to anaemia

due to reduced levels of erythropoietin

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first thing you do when someone has a potassium of over 6

ECG!!!!!!!!!!

if someone under age of 40 has haematuria but no bacteria where should they be sent?

nephrology

if someone is over the age of 40 with haematuria and bacteria where should they be sent

urology for a cytoscopy

someone has progressive weakness, hepatomegaly, dyspnoea, proteinuria and worsening renal function

amyloidosis

most common viral infection in organ transplant patients

CMV

is pulmonary hypertension a feature of limited or diffuse systemic sclerosis

limited

treatment for a person who has had a pulmonary embolus and has anti-phospholipid syndrome

life long warfarin

should patients with SLE be put on long term steroids

no | -should only be used when required and for short periods of time

can lupus cause MI's

yes

can joints with osteoarthritis have effusion

yes

can joints with osteoarthritis show synovitis

how old are people that get PMR

almost always over 50

is there any blood abnormalities in fibromyalgia

treatment for clubfoot

ponseti technique

erb's palsy (waiters tip) is damage to what nerve roots

C5 and 6

which test is the ortolani one

the one where the hip is abducted

does DDH affect more girls or boys

girls

what are the red flags for back pain

- clinical evidence of cauda equina - back pain in under 20yrs - new back pain in over 60yrs - constant, severe pain thats worst at night - systemic upset

when is calf pain worst in spinal stenosis

``` walking downhill (s=going down to the subway) ```

when is calf pain worst in peripheral artery disease

``` walking uphill (p = pain, walking uphill is painful) ```

what is wolff's law

that bone will be laid down along areas of stress

which tendon most commonly needs surgical repair when injured

patella tendon

which artery could be injured in a supracondylar fracture

brachial

which bone is the slowest healing

tibia

should a steroid injection be administered in achilles tendonitis

no | -risk of rupture

what requires regular monitoring when someone is on hydroxychloroquine

visual acuity | -may result in severe and permanent retinopathy

side effect of aledronic acid

oesophageal problems

side effect of aledronic acid

oesophageal problems

first line investigation for osteoporotic vertebral fracture

X-ray

which shoulder dislocations are seen in seizures and shock

posterior

what does a positive femoral nerve stretch test indicate

referred lumbar spine pain as a cause of hip pain

first line for osteoporosis

alendronate

if a patient with osteoporosis cannot tolerate alendronate what should be given instead

risedronate or etidronate

why would people not be able to tolerate alendronate (bisphosphonates)

GI problems

when is pain worst in tennis elbow

- wrist extension against resistance - supination of the forearm (tennis the ball is high so supination and extension go up)

is a subcaptial fracture intracapsular or extracapsular

intracapsular

is chondrocalcinosis seen in pseudogout or gout

pseudogout

what needs to be screened for in dermatomyositis

malignancy | -malignancy and dermatomyositis are linked

investigation for bone cancer

x-ray

msk risk factors of taking long-term steroids

avascular necrosis

cardiac complication of ehler-danlos

aortic regurgitation

what drugs can cause tinnitus

NSAIDs | aspirin

where does webers lateralise to

the unaffected side of sensorineural

what type of hearing loss does perforated eardrum cause

conductive

commonest tumours of parotid gland

pleomorphic adenoma

what type of infection is tonsillar SCC associated with

HPV

management for someone with sudden unilateral sensorineural hearing loss

- refer urgently to ENT | - steroids

what does mixed hearing loss look like on an audiogram

both air and bone conduction are impaired, with air conduction often being 'worse' than bone

what is nasopharyngeal carcinoma related to

south china | EBV

what is laryngeal carcinoma related to

cigarettes and alcohol

what is the most common pathogen in leg cellulitis

strep pyogenes

what hypertension medication can cause hyponatraemia

bendroflumethiazide

is uveitis associated with a small or big pupil

small

what nerve is responsible for closing your eyelids

CN 7

what do you do to a conscious choking baby

chest thrusts

passmed :0 Flashcards

(79 cards)