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passsmedddd Flashcards

1
Q

symptoms of gastroparesis in type 1 diabetics

A
  • erratic blood glucose control
  • bloating
  • vomiting
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2
Q

treatment for gastroparesis in type 1 diabetics

A
  • metoclopramide
  • domeperidone
  • eythromycin
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3
Q

which beta blocker is used in grave’s

A

propanolol

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4
Q

what insulin should be given in DKA

A

IV 0.1

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5
Q

electrolyte abnormality for cushings

A

hypokalaemic metabolic alkalosis

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6
Q

what is c-peptide level in type 1 diabetes

A

low or undetectable

-due to absolute insulin deficiency

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7
Q

what happens to electrolytes in DKA

A

loss of electrolytes

-especially sodium and potassium

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8
Q

name a drug that can cause GALACTORRHEA

A

chlorpromazine

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9
Q

what is the most important blood test to monitor response to levothyroxine treatment

A

TSH

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10
Q

what other illnesses can give false low HbA1c readings

A

sickle cell anaemia

-decreases the lifespan of RBCs

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11
Q

causes of raised anion gap

A
  • sepsis
  • tissue ischaemia
  • renal failure
  • DKA
  • drugs/toxins
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12
Q

causes of low anion gap in metabolic acidosis

A
  • renal tubular acidosis
  • diarrhoea
  • addisons
  • pancreatic fistula
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13
Q

if there is protein in the urine, does this mean the cause of AKI is pre-renal, renal or post-renal

A

renal

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14
Q

which drug is prescribed to reduce phosphate levels in patients with CKD mineral bone disease

A

sevelamer

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15
Q

most common causative organism for peritonitis secondary to peritoneal dialysis

A

staph epidermis

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16
Q

what can juxtaglomerular cells secrete

A

renin

-specifically the granular cells secrete it

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17
Q

what medication should be avoided when taking methotrexate

A

trimethroprim

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18
Q

in supraspinatus tendonitis where is the painful arc

A

60-120 degrees

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19
Q

diagnosis?

A

supraspinatus tendonitis, shoulder impingement, painful arc

-calcification of the tendon (the bony part)

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20
Q

what is the lifelong treatment of antiphospholipid syndrome

A

lifelong warfarin

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21
Q

acute treatment of a thrombosis in antiphospholipid syndrome

A

LMWH

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22
Q

what is blue sclera in children associated with

A

osteogenesis imperfecta

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23
Q

management for undisplaced patella fractures

A

knee immobilisation

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24
Q

risk factors for carpal tunnel syndrome

A
  • RA (synovitis means less space)
  • acromegaly
  • conditions involving fluid retention
  • fractures
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25
what needs to be done in every new diagnosis of dermatomyositis?
malignancy scan
26
if there is pain on both passive and active external rotation of the shoulder what does this indicate
adhesive capsulitis
27
which antibiotic can cause tendonitis and tendon rupture
ciprofloxacin
28
first line treatment for carpal tunnel
wrist splinting | then corticosteroid injection
29
investigation of choice for achilles tendon rupture
USS
30
does chondrocalcinosis indicate gout or pseudogout
pseudogout
31
what are the A's associated with ankylosing spondylitis
``` Apical fibrosis Anterior uveitis Aortic regurgitation Achilles tendonitis AV node block Amyloidosis ```
32
what is the next step in management for ankylosing spondylitis after NSAIDs
TNF-alpha blockers | -etanercept
33
what digits affected in carpal tunnel syndrome
lateral three and a half digits - thumb to middle finger - wasting of the thenar muscles
34
if the arthritis is asymmetrical what does that mean it's most likely to be
psoriatic arthritis
35
most common causes of drug induced lupus
- procainamide | - hydralazine
36
where abouts in the ulnar nerve would damage cause more deformity
at the elbow
37
what type of fracture is this
buckle fracture
38
skin manifestation of bechets
erythema nodosum
39
investigation of choice for osteomyelitis
MRI
40
what is this
lichen planus
41
what are keloid scars
tumour like lesions that arise from the connective tissue of a scar and extend beyond the dimensions of the original wound
42
where is venous ulceration most commonly seen
above the medial malleolus
43
what is this
dermatitis herpetiformis
44
what antibodies for dermatitis herpetiformis
anti-tissue transglutaminase
45
what drugs cause toxic epidermal necrolysis
``` phenytoin sulphonamides allopurinol penicillins carbamazepine NSAIDs ```
46
presentation of toxic epidermal necrolysis
- blistering/epidermal detachment - mucosal ulceration - fever and shit - really unwell
47
treatment for pyoderma gangrenosum
oral prednisolone
48
treatment for bullous pemphigoid
oral corticosteroids
49
what test for allergic contact dermatitis
skin PATCH test
50
management for actinic keratoses
flouroracil cream
51
treatment for fungal nail infection
oral terbinafine
52
what is endophthalmitis
a purulent inflammation of the intraocular fluids (vitreous and aqueous) usually due to infection -complication of cataract surgery
53
treatment for lichen planus
topical steroids and antihistamines
54
how can pyogenic granulomas be differentiated from melanomas
they occur after injury
55
what is the aim of treatment in glaucoma
- reduce aqueous secretion - induce pupillary constriction (secretion=production)
56
causes of erythema nodosum
``` NO - idiopathic D - drugs O - oral contaceptives/preggers S - sarcoidosis/TB U - ulcerative colitis/Crohns/Behcets M - microbiology ```
57
when can a child with impetigo go back to daycare/school
2 days after starting treatment
58
management for an adult with unilateral middle ear effusion
refer under 2 week wait to ENT for suspected nasopharyngeal cancer
59
first line treatment of scabies
permethrim
60
first line treatment for plaque psoriasis
topical betamethasone (steroid) and topical calcipotriol
61
what virus most commonly causes eczema herpeticum
HSV1
62
most common malignancy associated with acanthosis nigricans
gastric adenocarcinoma
63
management of a perforated ear drum
no treatment and review in 2 weeks and then 6 weeks
64
complications of psoriatic arthritis
cardiovascular disease
65
who do you refer children with squints to
opthalmology
66
if someone has a painful rash what does this suggest
shingles
67
sunburst pattern on a knee radiograph
osteosarcoma Sarcoma = Sun
68
what would be seen on an USS of diabetic nephropathy
bilateral enlarged kidneys
69
what should be monitored in henoch-shonlein purpura
blood pressure and urinalysis
70
what is the mode of inheritance of marfans
autosomal dominant
71
how do you distinguish between the different types of diabetes
- c-peptide | - diabetes specific auto-antibodies

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