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YR3: MM FC Ed. > Past Paper Pop Quiz 2 > Flashcards

Past Paper Pop Quiz 2 Flashcards

(48 cards)

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1
Q

What is Subclavian Steal syndrome?

A

Stenosis of subclavian artery proximal to origin of vertebral artery results in blood being “stolen” from the brain by retrograde flow down the vertebral artery + into the arm (usually when increased demand in arm)

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2
Q

List 3 causes of Subclavian steal syndrome

A

Cervical rib (compresses subclavian artery, less blood flows to brain)
Atherosclerosis
Takayasus arteritis

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3
Q

List 3 symptoms of subclavian steal syndrome

A

Syncope
Arm claudication
Vertigo

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4
Q

List 5 side effects of opioids

A 
Constipation (can lead to confusion)
Respiratory depression
Nausea 
Drowsiness
Pupillary constriction (MIOSIS)
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5
Q

What are the side effects of anti-muscarinic agents e.g. atropine?

A 
Hot as a hare (Hyperthermia)
Dry as a bone (Dry Skin)
Red as a beet (Flushed)
Blind as bat (Mydriasis)
Mad as a hatter (Delirium)
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6
Q

What class of drugs may cause a dry cough?

A

ACEi

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7
Q

What side effect may result from use of B2 adrenergic receptor agonists?

A

Tremor

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8
Q

What drugs may cause a rash in glandular fever?

A 
Amoxicillin
Ampicillin
Cephalosporins
Macrolides
Tetracyclines
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9
Q

What parameter defines severe hyponatraemia? What would this result in?

A

<120

Neuro symptoms: Seizures, Hallucinations, Confusion

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10
Q

What pathology produces the “sail sign” on CXR?

A

Left lower lobe collapse

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11
Q

What pathology produces the “golden S sign” on CXR?

A

Right upper lobe collapse

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12
Q

What is the immediate management approach for those with bowel obstruction?

A

Drip + suck

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13
Q

Where is the pathology in PBC? What antibody is associated with this?

A

Intrahepatic biliary ducts

Anti MITOCHONDRIAL antibody

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14
Q

Where is the pathology in PSC? What antibody is associated with this?

A

Intrahepatic + extrahepatic biliary ducts

pANCA

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15
Q

What skin manifestation arises in coeliac disease?

A

Dermatitis Herpetiformis

Symmetrical blistering, papulovesicular rash

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16
Q

What 3 antibodies may be present in coeliac disease?

A

Anti-TTG
Anti-endomysial
Anti-gliadin

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17
Q

What is the classic histological description of bowel affected by coeliac disease?

A

Subtotal villous atrophy with crypt hyperplasia

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18
Q

What is found on CXR in heart failure?

A 
Alveolar oedema
kerley B lines
Cardiomegaly 
upper lobe Diversion
pleural Effusion
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19
Q

List 3 causes of air bronchograms

A

Pus in pneumonia
Fluid in pulmonary oedema
Fibrosed tissue in interstitial lung disease

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20
Q

What may be seen on blood film in multiple myeloma?

Study These Flashcards
A

Rouleaux

Form due to high conc. plasma proteins (immunoglobulins) + lead to high ESR

21
Q

In which disease would you find Granulocytes with absent granulation and hyposegmented nuclei?

Study These Flashcards
A

Myelodysplastic syndrome

22
Q

What would you find on a blood film in myelofibrosis?

Study These Flashcards
A

Dacrocytes are teardrop-shaped cells

23
Q

What is the best test to establish a diagnosis of TB?

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A

Sputum sample for acid fast bacilli with Ziehl-Neelsen stain

24
Q

What test determines exposure to TB?

Study These Flashcards
A

Mantoux test (does not distinguish active + latent)

25
What is the most common type of urinary tract stone?
Calcium oxalate
26
What is the most appropriate | investigation to order when suspecting pancreatitis due to raised amylase?
Transabdominal ultrasound
27
What causes the Cushings reflex?
Raised ICP
28
What is the Cushings reflex?
High BP Bradycardia Irregular breathing
29
What is Beck's triad seen in?
Cardiac tamponade
30
What is Beck's triad?
Raised JVP Muffled heart sounds Low BP
31
What investigation is diagnostic of malaria?
Thick + thin blood smear
32
What would you give to a haemodynamically stable patient in VT?
IV Amiodarone
33
What cardiovascular pathology is treated with Adenosine?
Supraventricular tachycardia
34
What scrotal mass feels like "a bag of worms"?
Varicocele
35
List the most common causes of onycholysis
``` DR PITHS Drugs: Tetracyclines, OCP, diabetes drugs Reactive arthritis Psoriasis Infection esp. fungal Trauma Hyper + Hypothyroidism Sarcoidosis, Scleroderma ```
36
What is Wernicke's dysphasia?
Inability to understand language | Speak fluent nonsensical speech
37
What is Broca's dysphasia?
Inability to produce fluent speech | Intact understanding of language
38
What must you remember about an extreme hyperkalaemia with a normal ECG?
Poor blood taking technique leads to red cell lysis, releasing intracellular K+
39
What are the B symptoms of lymphoma ?
Fever Night sweats Weight loss
40
What are the different results on thyroid uptake scan caused by?
Diffuse uptake= Graves Multinodular gland + single hot nodule= Toxic multi nodular goitre Diffuse uptake + single cold nodule = Thyroid cancer No uptake = Viral thyroiditis (de Quervains)
41
LIst 3 causes of pulmonary fibrosis
Exposure to toxins e.g. Asbestos Systemic inflammatory conditions e.g. RA Drugs e.g. Methotrexate
42
What should a patient presenting with acute neurological symptoms that resolve completely within 24 hours be given?
300mg Aspirin
43
What is the triad of symptoms seen in Henoch-Schonlein purpura?
``` Arthritis Abdominal pain Purpurin rash (usually Buttocks + lower legs) ```
44
What other organ is often involved in HSP, and what symptoms does this cause?
``` Kidney Haematuria Proteinuria HTN Oedema ```
45
What causes a raised JVP with absent pulsation?
Superoir vena cava obstruction
46
What is and what causes Kussmaul sign?
Paradoxical rise in JVP on inspiration | Conditions that impair ventricular filling e.g. constrictive pericarditis
47
What causes a slow Y descent in JVP?
Tricuspid stenosis
48
What causes large V waves in the JVP?
Tricuspid regurgitation | Ventricular contraction causes blood to surge through incompetent valve through RA to JV

YR3: MM FC Ed. (46 decks)

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