Patho lecture quiz 4 Flashcards
1
Q
- The most reliable indicator that a person is experiencing an acute myocardial infarction (MI) is
A
ST-Segment elevation
2
Q
- Primary treatment for myocardial infarction (MI) is directed at
A
decreasing myocardial oxygen demands
3
Q
- Rheumatic heart disease is most often a consequence of
A
B-Hemolytic streptococcal infection
4
Q
- Patients presenting with symptoms of unstable angina and no ST segment elevation are treated with
A
antiplatelet drugs
5
Q
- An example of an acyanotic heart defect is
A
Atrial septal defect
Ventricular septal defect
Patent ductus arteriosus
Coarctation of the aorta
Pulmonary and aortic
Stenosis or atresia
6
Q
- Patent ductus arteriosus is accurately described as a(n)
A
communication between aorta and pulmonary artery
7
Q
- Aortic regurgitation is associated with
A
diastolic murmur
7
Q
- Hypotension, distended neck veins, and muffled heart sounds are classic manifestations of
A
cardiac tamponade
8
Q
- An elderly patient’s blood pressure is measured at 160/98 mm Hg. How would the patient’s left ventricular function be affected by this level of blood pressure?
A
left ventricular workload is increased with high afterload
8
Q
- A patient with significant aortic stenosis is likely to experience
A
syncope
8
Q
- Constrictive pericarditis is associated with
A
impaired cardiac filling
8
Q
- Which inflammatory disorders can alter endothelial cell function? (Select all that apply.)
A
-lupus erythematosus
-Kawasaki syndrome
-polyarteritis nodosa
9
Q
- What is false about Acute Renal Failure?
A
True- Acute renal failure is the sudden loss of the kidney’s ability to secrete urine.
9
Q
- What is false about Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system?
A
10
Q
- The following are the outcomes of hypertension, except;
A
11
Q
- Which is CORRECT about Neurogenic Shock?
A
11
Q
- Adult secondary hypertension may be related to all of the following, except;
A
acute pyelonephritis
12
Q
- The Orthostatic (Postural) Hypotension may be a result of all of the following, except
A
myocardial infraction, urine retention
12
Q
- In regards of Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome (MODS), what is false?
A
13
Q
- In Anaphylactic Shock, the clinical symptoms include all of the following except;
A
all symptoms
Urticaria
Bronchoconstriction
Stridor
Angioedema
Wheezing
Itching
13
Q
- A reduction in _________ production after birth contributes to the heart s closure and constriction in patent ductus arteriosus.
A
Prostaglandin E
14
Q
- Hypertrophy of the right ventricle is a compensatory response to
A
Pulmonary Stenosis
14
Q
- __________ is a congenital malformation that results in the formation of one large vessel that receives blood from both the right and left ventricles
A
Truncus Arteriosus
15
Q
- First-degree heart block is characterized by
A
Prolonged PR interval more than .20 seconds
15
27. In which dysrhythmias should treatment be instituted immediately?
ventricular dysrhythmias
ventricular fibrillation or ventricular tachycardia
15
25. Cor pulmonale refers to
Right ventricular hypertrophy secondary to lung disease
15
24. Left-sided heart failure is characterized by
Pulmonary Congestion
16
28. A patient is exhibiting severe dyspnea and anxiety. The patient also has bubbly crackles in all lung fields with pink, frothy sputum. This patient is most likely experiencing
Acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema
17
29. The effect of nitric oxide on systemic arterioles is
vasodilation
18
30. In contrast to all other types of shock, the hyperdynamic phase of septic shock is associated with
high cardiac output
19
31. Positive inotropic drugs work by increasing (Select all that apply.)
contractility
-cardiac output
-tissue perfusion
-myocardial oxygen demand
20
32. Hypertension is closely linked to
obstructive sleep apnea
21
33. The nurse understands that which is the correct description of a Korotkoff sound?
Korotkoff Sounds
Phase Description
I Initiation of clear tapping sounds—systolic blood pressure
II Murmuring or swishing sounds
III Increase in intensity and crispness of sounds
IV Muffling of sounds
V Disappearance of sounds—diastolic blood pressure
21
35. Tumor necrosis factor a and interleukin-1 contribute to shock states because they induce production of
nitric oxide
22
34. Diagnostic tests used to diagnose or confirm MI include which of the following? (Select all that apply.)
-electrocardiogram
-cardiac catheterization
-echocardiography
-radionuclide scintigraphy
23
36. A patient who was involved in a fall from a tree becomes short of breath. The lung sounds are absent on one side. This patient is experiencing ________ shock.
obstructive
24
37. Septic shock is commonly associated with Gram-negative infections and Gram-positive organisms that enter the body through the (Select all that apply.)
-genitourinary tract
-gastrointestinal tract
-respiratory tract
-skin
25
38. An erroneously low blood pressure measurement may be caused by
positioning arm above heart level
26
39. After being diagnosed with hypertension, a patient returns to the clinic 6 weeks later. The patient reports “moderate” adherence to the recommended lifestyle changes and has experienced a decreased from 165/96 mm Hg to 148/90 mm Hg in blood pressure. What is the most appropriate intervention for this patient at this time?
Continuous lifestyle modifications only
27
40. Mitral stenosis is associated with
a pressure gradient across the mitral valve
