practice 4

Question 1

Which of the following statements about the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence (WASI) is
most accurate?
a. It is an effective screening measure of verbal and nonverbal abilities.
b. It is linked to the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children – 4th Edition (WISC‐IV) but not the
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale – 3rd Edition (WAIS‐III).
c. It does not have satisfactory reliability and validity.
d. It is able to be used with a broad range of individuals from age 2 years, 6 months to 89
years, 0 months.
e. It is an acceptable substitute or replacement for a comprehensive measure of intellectual
abilities.

Answer 1

a. It is an effective screening measure of verbal and nonverbal abilities.

Question 2

A student with a documented visual impairment is recommended for reevaluation. The school psychologist completes the assessment of the student, but later finds out that the student is required to wear prescription glasses. What should the school psychologist do?
a. Throw out the assessment and re‐test using the same assessment tool, making sure the student wears his glasses the second time.
b. Keep the original assessment and make a note in the report that the student was not wearing his glasses during testing.
c. Keep only the parts of the assessment where the student did not have to read or view
anything in order to answer the item.
d. Reassess the student using a new assessment tool, making sure the student wears his glasses during testing.
e. Throw out the original assessment and complete your evaluation without using a new formal evaluation tool.

Answer 2

d. Reassess the student using a new assessment tool, making sure the student wears his glasses during testing.

Question 3

The systematic collection of data is crucial in developing appropriate interventions that help students in the classroom.Decisions made without gathering this information may result in
implementing inappropriate interventions.The process begins with problem identification and the
steps include all of the following EXCEPT which method?
a. Observation techniques
b. Teacher interviews
c. Review of previous interventions
d. Curriculum‐based measurements
e. Peer‐based interviews

Answer 3

e. Peer‐based interviews

Question 4

Ms. Gardiner, a 3rd grade teacher, had a difficult time encouraging one of her students, Mary, to
complete written assignments.Mary was able to generate good ideas, but had trouble transferring her ideas onto paper.Therefore, Ms. Gardiner decreased the demands of the task by allowing
Mary to provide her answers orally and write a one‐sentence summary.As Mary’s written
expression improved, Ms. Gardiner gradually reduced her support until Mary gained independence during written assignments.This instructional strategy is best known as
a. Engagement time
b. Flexible grouping
c. Independence training
d. Scaffolding
e. Differentiated instruction

Answer 4

d. Scaffolding

Question 5

Which of the following statements is NOT true of progress monitoring?

a. It is used to determine the effectiveness of an intervention.
b. It is a standardized tool used to monitor student progress over time.
c. The tool used for collecting the baseline data must be used throughout.
d. It should be used frequently to monitor outcomes of the interventions.
e. It provides a measure for ensuring professional accountability

Answer 5

b. It is a standardized tool used to monitor student progress over time.

Question 6

Mrs. Barnard has been asked to develop an academic intervention for a fourth grader, Johnny, as a
result of a recent building‐based problem‐solving team meeting.She has been told by a member of
the team that Johnny is displaying oppositional behaviors when asked to complete any reading
assignments.Mrs. Barnard decides to administer the DIBELS to Johnny. According to Bergan and Kratochill’s four‐step problem solving process, Mrs. Barnard is pursuing which of the following steps?
a. Problem Identification
b. Problem Evaluation
c. Problem Solving
d. Problem Implementation
e. Problem Analysis

Answer 6

a. Problem Identification

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT true of “specially designed instruction” as defined by IDEA?
a. It requires that classroom accommodations be used for students.
b. It is defined as adapting the content, methodology, or delivery of instruction.
c. It is meant to address the unique needs of the child that result from his or her disability.
d. It is meant to ensure access to the general curriculum in order for each child to meet the
educational standards.
e. It is a required part of the IEP document.

Answer 7

a. It requires that classroom accommodations be used for students.

Question 8

Academic Learning Time (ALT) is defined as the portion of instructional time that the teacher
allocates for, which of the following?
a. Each content area throughout the student’s instructional day
b. Content areas during which students are actively and productively engaged in learning
c. Specially designed, direct instruction within the classroom
d. Teaching students based upon their varying background knowledge, readiness, language,
and preferences in learning
e. Lesson plans and structured instructional activities

Answer 8

b. Content areas during which students are actively and productively engaged in learning

Question 9

High stakes testing is intended to yield four main outcomes.Which of the following is NOT an
intended outcome of high stakes testing?
a. More efficient tracking methods
b. Better aligned curricula
c. Increased motivation
d. More equitable educational opportunities
e. Increased overall efficiency

Answer 9

a. More efficient tracking methods

Question 10

A second grade student, Matthew, is referred to the problem‐solving team at the beginning of the third marking period due to difficulties in reading.As a result, an intervention is implemented to
address these concerns.A progress monitoring tool is utilized to assess the effectiveness of the intervention. The teacher, collaborating with the school psychologist, also conducts periodic functional assessments to monitor his progress.At the end of the school year the teacher discusses the techniques used, analyzes the data collected, and determines the overall effectiveness of the intervention.This is an example of
a. Formative evaluation
b. Consumer‐oriented evaluation
c. Treatment integrity evaluation
d. Summative evaluation
e. Participant‐oriented evaluation

Answer 10

d. Summative evaluation

Question 11

Vygotsky’s private speech is important because private speech helps the child to

a. Passively report on recent thoughts
b. Become a patient and polite listener
c. Consider moral judgments about right and wrong
d. Plan and regulate behaviors or mental activities.

Answer 11

d. Plan and regulate behaviors or mental activities.

Question 12

The use of the computer as a model for understanding the child’s mind is part of

a. Vygotskian sociocultural viewpoint
b. Information‐processing perspective
c. Piagetian cognitive theory
d. Executive control process

Answer 12

b. Information‐processing perspective

Question 13

When a test reports the child’s intelligence as a single score, this implies that the test designer believes that

a. The child’s patterns of errors reveals her intelligence
b. Intelligence is mainly or entirely a general factor
c. Creativity is the same as intelligence
d. Intelligence is a group of distinctly separate abilities

Answer 13

b. Intelligence is mainly or entirely a general factor

Question 14

The adaptive regulation of emotions involves

a. Suppressing all types of emotions, positive and negative
b. Suppressing all negative emotions
c. Maintaining or intensifying all positive emotions
d. Suppressing some types of arousal while maintaining or intensifying others

Answer 14

d. Suppressing some types of arousal while maintaining or intensifying others

Question 15

The least common form of attachment to the primary care giver is the attachment pattern
described as a(n)
a. Secure attachment
b. Resistant attachment
c. Avoidant attachment
d. Disorganized/disoriented attachment

Answer 15

d. Disorganized/disoriented attachment

Question 16

The evaluative dimension of self‐concept is called

a. Self‐esteem
b. The entity view of ability
c. Self reflective role taking
d. The belief desire theory of mind

Answer 16

a. Self‐esteem

Question 17

. During Kohlberg’s \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_moral level, the child is most concerned about following rules and
how ones actions are judged by others.
a. Preconventional
b. Conventional
c. Postconventional
d. Autonomous

Answer 17

b. Conventional

Question 18

Which of the following is identified as a domain for training and practice in School Psychology: A
Blueprint for Training and Practice II?
a. Interpersonal communication, collaboration, and consultation
b. Student diversity in development and learning
c. Data‐based decision making and accountability
d. All of the above

Answer 18

d. All of the above

Question 19

Early in his career, Rogers realized that the central fact of human psychology is the

a. Brain cell
b. Individual habit
c. Autonomous self
d. Biological instinct

Answer 19

c. Autonomous self

Question 20

One of Rogers’ greatest contributions was a counseling technique he called

a. Normal Psychoanalysis
b. Person‐Centered Therapy
c. Actualization Analysis
d. Phenomenology

Answer 20

b. Person‐Centered Therapy

Question 21

The philosophy that states that students should be promoted to higher grades based on age rather
than academic accomplishment is known as what?
a. Accountability
b. Social production
c. Tracking
d. Social attainment
e. Social promotion

Answer 21

e. Social promotion

Question 22

Mr. Hunter, a school psychologist, has been using the school district’s study skills curriculum to help students improve their time management.Initially, Mr. Hunter asked each student to keep
track of how much time he/she is spending on each assignment.After teaching various time management techniques over a period of six weeks, Mr. Hunter asked students to keep a record of
the techniques that did or did not work well for them; these findings were discussed with the
group.Now, Mr. Hunter is working on having the students recognize when and where to apply the strategies that best work for them.Which of the following best describes the instructional strategy that is being used by Mr. Hunter?
a. Externalizing strategy
b. Internalizing strategy
c. Metacognition
d. Knowledge of strategies
e. Cooperative Learning

Answer 22

c. Metacognition

Question 23

Ms. Tyrell has recently been made aware of a student, Mark, who becomes oppositional during class when asked to complete written tasks.Ms. Tyrell conducts a functional assessment in order
to determine whether the opposition is a result of a skill or performance deficit. According to Bergan and Kratochwill, Problem Analysis involves five crucial steps.This is an example of which of
these five steps?
a. Identify relevant known information
b. Identify relevant unknown information
c. Generate the hypothesis or predication
d. Validate the hypothesis or predication
e. Link assessment information to intervention design

Answer 23

b. Identify relevant unknown information

Question 24

The __________ corollary explains how we construe the constructions of others.

a. Individuality
b. Commonality
c. Fragmentation
d. Sociality

Answer 24

d. Sociality

Question 25

The successive approximation method

a. was developed by Pavlov
b. is an example of variable‐ratio reinforcement
c. is successful with animals but not humans
d. is also called shaping

Answer 25

d. is also called shaping

Question 26

All of the following characteristics of models are important except

a. Similarity between model and subject
b. Age and sex of model and subject
c. Status and prestige of model
d. Bonds of friendship between model and subject

Answer 26

d. Bonds of friendship between model and subject

Question 27

The most influential source of efficacy judgments is

a. Performance attainment
b. Level of physiological arousal
c. Observation of the behavior of others
d. Verbal persuasion

Answer 27

a. Performance attainment

Question 28

Birth order dictates that the __________ child will experience a sense of dethronement

a. First‐born
b. Second‐born
c. Youngest or last‐born
d. Only

Answer 28

a. First‐born

Question 29

Jung’s principle of __________ refers to the equalization of energy differences

a. Individuation
b. Opposites
c. Entropy
d. Animus

Answer 29

c. Entropy

Question 30

A person having a strong urge to torture animals but instead becoming a vocal member of an
animal rights group is an example of
a. Sublimation
b. Reaction formation
c. Displacement
d. Repression

Answer 30

b. Reaction formation

Question 31

For students who have social communication deficits, an alternative communication system in which pictures are used by an individual to express what he or she wants or needs is called?

a. Discrete Trial Instruction (DTI)
b. Social Stories
c. Verbal Behavior System
d. Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS)
e. Token Economy

Answer 31

d. Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS)

Question 32

Which of the following is a situation where the school psychologist is NOT required to breach confidentiality from counseling sessions with a student?

a. The student says he wants to hurt his teacher.
b. The school psychologist is obligated to testify in court regarding the information.
c. A student writes a letter saying she wants to hurt herself and has developed a plan.
d. A parent requests weekly reports on what is being discussed during counseling sessions.
e. The student requests for the school psychologist to help disclose confidential information to his or her parent.

Answer 32

d. A parent requests weekly reports on what is being discussed during counseling sessions.

Question 33

Applied Behavior Analysis is
a. A systematic way of teaching involving a series of repeated trials to teach cognitive, social,
and behavioral skills.
b. A framework for thinking about the development of language and its application.
c. A framework in which the science and principles of behavior are applied to develop procedures to improve socially significant behavior.
d. The way in which behavior analysts determine the function of a behavior and determine how it is reinforced and maintained.
e. A program in which skills are broken down into smaller steps that are easy to teach.

Answer 33

c. A framework in which the science and principles of behavior are applied to develop procedures to improve socially significant behavior.

Question 34

The school psychologist wants to evaluate the climate of the school.Which of the following is an example of direct assessment?

a. Reviewing teachers’ questionnaires regarding their opinion on the school’s overallclimate
b. Graphing the discipline referrals so the data can be reviewed quantitatively
c. Walking around the school in order to document the cleanliness of the school
d. Observing classrooms to see how the school climate impacts teacher instruction
e. Examining job satisfaction based on teacher turnover rate

Answer 34

a. Reviewing teachers’ questionnaires regarding their opinion on the school’s overallclimate

Question 35

Johnny, a second grader, has learned how to initiate play through watching and modeling other
children in his classroom.Johnny is learning social skills through which method?
a. Universal
b. Selected
c. Formal
d. Informal
e. Performance

Answer 35

d. Informal

Question 36

The following are components of Positive Behavior Support except

a. Grouping students into enrichment clusters to increase academic interest
b. Meeting with staff to review specific behavior referrals
c. Developing a unified system to rank behaviors by means of severity
d. Incorporating academic and behavior instruction into classroom lessons
e. Strengthening behavior using tangible and non‐tangible reinforcers

Answer 36

a. Grouping students into enrichment clusters to increase academic interest

Question 37

Which of the following is NOT a best practice of implementing negative consequences?

a. Removing of a privilege that a student has previously earned
b. Calling a parent to inform them of the student’s behavior
c. Withholding an extrinsic motivator until the student corrects his/her behavior
d. Referring the student to an administrator
e. Responding immediately

Answer 37

a. Removing of a privilege that a student has previously earned

Question 38

Which one of the following is NOT a basic psychological process important for academic success?

a. Attention
b. Evaluation
c. Planning
d. Simultaneous
e. Successive

Answer 38

b. Evaluation

Question 39

Maurice is a school psychologist who used to be optimistic and very proactive at work.Recently he has become very cynical towards his clients and “blames the victims” for their own difficulties. Maurice is most likely experiencing which form of the developmental model of burnout?

a. Interpersonal Struggle
b. Emotional Exhaustion
c. Chronic Stomach Pains
d. Depersonalization
e. Reduced Ambiguity

Answer 39

d. Depersonalization

Question 40

Mark is a student showing classical symptoms of Oppositional Defiant Disorder. He constantly defies and talks back to teachers, deliberately does things to annoy other students and is extremely
spiteful and vindictive. His behaviors are causing significant impairments in his social and academic
functioning. Which intervention is most likely to be effective?
a. Train Mark’s parents to pinpoint problem behaviors as well as model appropriate modes of responding.
b. Every time Mark breaks a classroom rule, reprimand him and make him face his desk
towards the wall.
c. Get Mark’s family involved. Every time he disrupts the classroom, call home and tell his parents about his inappropriate behavior. Inform them that he may need more rules enforced at home.
d. Whenever Mark acts up and talks back, instead of taking him aside and talking to him one on one, send him down the vice principals’ office.
e. Mark could have been sexually abused and is in need of an immediate screening.

Answer 40

a. Train Mark’s parents to pinpoint problem behaviors as well as model appropriate modes of responding.

Question 41

In the __________ style of life, one escapes failure by not facing life’s problems

a. Avoiding
b. Getting
c. Dominant
d. Socially useful

Answer 41

a. Avoiding

Question 42

According to Erikson’s epigenetic principle of maturation,

a. How fast each child grows is determined by genetics
b. Personality is almost entirely genetic
c. Development is determined by a combination of biological and social factors
d. Maturation differs widely from child to child

Answer 42

c. Development is determined by a combination of biological and social factors

Question 43

The first famous spokesperson for behaviorism was

a. John B. Watson
b. William James
c. Wilhelm Wundt
d. Sigmund Freud

Answer 43

a. John B. Watson

Question 44

All of the following are personality dimensions identified by Hans Eysenck except

a. Extraversion versus introversion
b. Neuroticism versus emotional stability
c. Shyness versus social rejection
d. Psychoticism versus impulse control

Answer 44

c. Shyness versus social rejection

Question 45

Adler’s explanation of the force that holds society together is his concept of

a. Perfectionism
b. Social interest
c. The superego
d. Compensation

Answer 45

b. Social interest

Question 46

According to Fromm, a person who engages in a receptive orientation most likely experienced what
as a child?
a. Cool withdrawn family
b. Swallowed up by parents
c. Swallowing of parents
d. Cold withdrawn family

Answer 46

b. Swallowed up by parents

Question 47

According to Maslow, our innate need to be free from fear and anxiety is a

a. Growth need
b. Need for belongingness and love
c. Deficit need
d. Physiological need

Answer 47

c. Deficit need

Question 48

What was Horney’s response to Freud’s concept of penis envy?

a. She publicly humiliated Freud.
b. She developed the concept of womb envy.
c. She developed the concept of idealized self‐image
d. She developed the concept of aggressive personality

Answer 48

b. She developed the concept of womb envy.

Question 49

Fromm’s Receptive orientation is similar to:

a. Freud’s Oral Passive
b. Adler’s Ruling Type
c. Horney’s Aggressive Personality
d. None of the above

Answer 49

a. Freud’s Oral Passive

Question 50

“I attend college because I hope to attain a degree.”This would be a statement reflecting

a. Social Interest
b. Superiority Complex
c. Fictional Finalism
d. Compensation

Answer 50

c. Fictional Finalism

Question 51

Recent research suggests that about __________ percent of personality is inherited.

a. 5
b. 25
c. 50
d. 95

Answer 51

c. 50

Question 52

Jung’s term for personality is

a. Ego
b. Psyche
c. Persona
d. Libido

Answer 52

b. Psyche

Question 53

At each stage of psychosocial development,

a. The maladaptive way of coping must be suppressed
b. Adaptive and maladaptive ways of coping are incorporated into the ego identity
c. We must confront sexual and aggressive needs
d. The mother is important in resolving the crisis

Answer 53

b. Adaptive and maladaptive ways of coping are incorporated into the ego identity

Question 54

A child whose parents are overly attentive and do not let the child venture outside of their sight for fear of the child getting hurt, represents which of Erich Fromm’s ideas?

a. A child who is “swallowed up”
b. A child who is “swallowing”
c. A child who is withdrawn
d. A child who is productive

Answer 54

a. A child who is “swallowed up”

Question 55

Sammy is filling out a self‐evaluation questionnaire about his immediate reactions to specific situations. What approach would Skinner view this as?

a. Cognitive
b. Sign
c. Sample
d. Direct

Answer 55

c. Sample

Question 56

Which of the following is not a property of the mean?

a. The mean is sensitive to the exact value of all the scores.
b. The sum of the deviations about the means equals zero.
c. The sum of the squared deviations about the mean is a minimum.
d. The mean is most subject to sampling variation.

Answer 56

d. The mean is most subject to sampling variation.

Question 57

Psychological tests

a. Pertain only to overt behavior
b. Always have right or wrong answers
c. Do not attempt to measure traits
d. Measure characteristics of human behavior

Answer 57

d. Measure characteristics of human behavior

Question 58

An individual test

a. Involves a single examiner for two or more subjects
b. Involves only tests of human ability
c. Can only be given to one person at a time
d. Involves more than one examiner for a single subject

Answer 58

c. Can only be given to one person at a time

Question 59

A group test

a. Can be given to multiple people by one examiner
b. Can only be given to three people at a time
c. Involves a group of examiners for a single subject
d. Involves only tests of human ability

Answer 59

a. Can be given to multiple people by one examiner

Question 60

The potential for learning a specific skill can best be described as

a. Achievement
b. Aptitude
c. Intelligence
d. Ability

Answer 60

b. Aptitude

Question 61

Ms. Fernandez, a third grade teacher, is in an initial consultation session with the school
psychologist. When asked to describe the problem, Ms. Fernandez reports that the student is “out
of it.”What should the school psychologist do next?
a. Decide what method of data collection to use
b. Design an intervention to address the problem
c. Ask more questions to operationalize the problem
d. Decide that the student needs special education
e. Refuse to work with the teacher

Answer 61

c. Ask more questions to operationalize the problem

Question 62

Ms. Norman has been consulting with the school psychologist for the past three weeks regarding one of her students, Cory. Under the behavioral consultation model, the school psychologist has asked Ms. Norman to collect data on the frequency, duration, and intensity of Cory’s identified problematic behaviors. Ms. Norman has also contacted Cory’s parents and the school counselor to get more information about his behavior. After collecting the data for the past week, Ms. Norman shares it with the school psychologist at their next consultation session. After reviewing the data, what is most likely to be the next step at this consultation session?
a. Continue to collect more data to see if Cory’s problematic behaviors diminish on their own.
b. Brainstorm possible interventions that Ms. Norman can implement in the classroom to decrease Cory’s problematic behaviors.
c. Interpret the collected data and develop a hypothesis regarding what function the
problematic behaviors serve for Cory.
d. The school psychologist asks Ms. Norman to describe Cory’s behavior in specific, observable
and measurable terms.
e. Consult with a psychiatrist in order to develop appropriate interventions.

Answer 62

c. Interpret the collected data and develop a hypothesis regarding what function the
problematic behaviors serve for Cory.

Question 63

Ms. Adams, a novice teacher, is having difficulty establishing a classroom‐wide behavioral
management plan for her third grade class. Although she has a basic understanding of behavioral management plans and has a current plan established in the class, she does not feel fully confident
in her ability to implement the class wide plan. She has solicited help from the school psychologist and together they have scheduled weekly consultation sessions to discuss this issue. Which approach is the school psychologist most likely to utilize in this consultative relationship?
a. Client‐centered
b. Consultee‐centered
c. Program‐centered administrative
d. Consultee‐centered administrative
e. None of the above

Answer 63

b. Consultee‐centered

Question 64

Entry and Contracting, as part of the Instructional Consultation model, requires the consultant to do what?
a. Introduce consultation to the consultee and provide the ground rules that govern the
relationship and process
b. Invite the consultee to join the team and provide the consultee with the overall structure of the process
c. Organize a consultation team and have members sign membership contracts
d. Introduce themselves to the consultee and review the consultee’s contractual obligations
e. Develop a contract with the consultee

Answer 64

a. Introduce consultation to the consultee and provide the ground rules that govern the
relationship and process

Question 65

The Director of Special Education of Middletown School District has hired an outside consult to evaluate the school district’s process to identify students who may potentially have educational disabilities. This is an example of which consultation model?

a. Mental health (consultee centered)
b. Behavioral
c. Organizational
d. Empirical
e. Instructional

Answer 65

c. Organizational

Question 66

Ms. Miller is currently working on developing a new preschool curriculum for the district to adopt because of problems and complaints about the current curriculum.Along with her district problem‐solving and planning teams, Ms. Miller is currently investigating the strengths and weaknesses of the curriculum in all of its contexts, hypothesizing possible reasons for the problem, and creating interventions.She is currently at which stage of the Planning and Problem‐Solving
model?
a. Evaluation Stage
b. Problem Analysis Stage
c. Intervention Stage
d. Problem Identification Stage
e. None of the above

Answer 66

b. Problem Analysis Stage

Question 67

Utilizing a whole‐system perspective for adopting a response to intervention (RTI) approach by the district, Ms. South attempted to consider all of the pervasive system variables that can affect
morale, motivation, and satisfaction with program implementation.A fellow team member rejected the model adopted.Which factor sums up this team member’s attitude?
a. Arational factors
b. Cultural factors
c. Needs of clients
d. Environmental factors
e. None of the above

Answer 67

a. Arational factors

Question 68

Guidelines for establishing effective school‐community partnerships include which of the following?

a. Plan partnership programs carefully
b. Build flexibility into the program
c. Be an effective role model
d. Be persistent
e. All of the above

Answer 68

e. All of the above

Question 69

Important steps for establishing family‐school partnerships that facilitate home‐school
collaboration involve
a. Funding, Resources, Availability
b. Standards, Structure, Support
c. Attitudes, Relationships, Actions
d. Academic, Behavioral, and Social Support
e. Funding, Standards, Accountability

Answer 69

c. Attitudes, Relationships, Actions

Question 70

Successful home‐school collaboration is dependent upon
a. Families and community members working together to understand each others’
perspectives and to develop shared goals
b. Training of teachers and administrators in practices that reach out to all families
c. Quantity and quality of communication between schools and families
d. Developing activities that encourage families to become involved in schools
e. All of the above

Answer 70

e. All of the above

Question 71

Which theorist believed that children imitate the behavior of significant people in their lives as a
result of observational learning?
a. Thorndike
b. Bandura
c. Skinner
d. Pavlov
e. Watson

Answer 71

b. Bandura

Question 72

A student was referred to the school psychologist for difficulty with attention and focus in the classroom.The school psychologist considered many factors that could be impacting this student’s ability to maintain focus during class time. Neurologically, the school psychologist understands that most attention difficulties stem from dysfunction in the orbital circuit of the frontal lobe.
What is another area of the brain that could be the alternate cause to the student’s attention
difficulties?
a. Left hemisphere
b. Right hemisphere parietal lobe
c. Left hemisphere temporal lobe
d. Left posterior temporal lobe
e. Right hemisphere supplementary motor cortex

Answer 72

b. Right hemisphere parietal lobe

Question 73

Which brain chemical is largely implicated in depression?

a. Melatonin
b. Serotonin
c. Neuropeptides
d. Endorphins
e. Dopamine

Answer 73

b. Serotonin

Question 74

According to Erikson, a 14‐year old adolescent is negotiating which stage of development?

a. Industry vs. Inferiority
b. Intimacy vs. Isolation
c. Initiation vs. Dependency
d. Identity vs. Role Confusion
e. Initiative vs. Guilt

Answer 74

d. Identity vs. Role Confusion

Question 75

Timmy does not want to get into trouble at school because he does not want the disapproval of his
authoritarian parents.Which stage of moral development would this child fall under according to
Kohlberg?
a. Assimilation
b. Preconventional
c. Conventional
d. Post conventional
e. Accommodation

Answer 75

c. Conventional

Question 76

. According to Freud, the component of personality responsible for dealing with reality is which of
the following?
a. Superego
b. Id
c. Reality principle
d. Ego
e. Superlative ego

Answer 76

d. Ego

Question 77

Johnny enjoys playing the piano.Nearly every day after school, he comes home and plays for
about an hour.This is an example of which of the following?
a. Extrinsic motivation
b. Extrinsic reward
c. Intrinsic motivation
d. Metacognition
e. Premack Principle

Answer 77

c. Intrinsic motivation

Question 78

The Theory of Multiple Intelligences involves the idea that all humans have core abilities in various
areas of intelligence.Which of the following psychologists is best known for this theory?
a. Howard Gardner
b. Abraham Maslow
c. Louis L. Thurstone
d. Erik Erikson
e. Dan Goleman

Answer 78

a. Howard Gardner

Question 79

Which of the following terms describes the process that the brain goes through when attempting
to reach an equilibrium that optimizes beneficial pathways and minimizes dysfunctional ones?
a. Myelination
b. Dendritic Branching
c. Neuronal Pruning
d. Agenisis of the Corpus Collosum
e. Resting Potential

Answer 79

c. Neuronal Pruning

Question 80

Which theory of intelligence is a recent informational processing theory that emphasizes three
aspects of intelligent behavior not normally tapped by IQ tests?
a. Sternberg’s Triarchic Theory of Intelligence
b. Carroll’s Three‐Stratum Theory of Intelligence
c. Guilford’s Theory of Intelligence
d. Thurstone’s Theory of Intelligence
e. Thorndike’s Theory of Intelligence

Answer 80

a. Sternberg’s Triarchic Theory of Intelligence

Question 81

The Rorschach presents ambiguous stimuli to an individual who then provides their own personal

interpretation. This is an example of what kind of test?
a. Structured
b. Projective
c. Intelligence
d. Abilities

Answer 81

b. Projective

Question 82

Calculate the mean for the following set of scores: 4, 8, 3, 7

a. 5.5
b. 4.5
c. 3
d. 6

Answer 82

a. 5.5

Question 83

Which set of scores below contains the most variability?

a. 151515151515
b. 343434
c. 142516
d. 252725272527

Answer 83

c. 142516

Question 84

A Z score

a. is the difference between a score and the mean, divided by the standard deviation
b. tells us how many standard deviations the score is below the average score
c. tells us how many standard deviations the score is below the mean
d. is the standard deviation of a population

Answer 84

a. is the difference between a score and the mean, divided by the standard deviation

Question 85

Approximately what percentage of scores falls below the mean in a standard normal distribution?

a. 50%
b. 34%
c. 1%
d. 16%

Answer 85

a. 50%

Question 86

Professor Pine constructed two different short history tests by randomly drawing questions from
the huge pool of all possible questions about the current material. He has created
a. randomly parallel tests
b. a large sample size
c. systematic errors
d. attenuation effects

Answer 86

a. randomly parallel tests

Question 87

Concurrent and predictive validity are both subcategories of

a. criterion validity
b. empirical validity
c. face validity
d. convergent validity

Answer 87

a. criterion validity

Question 88

Mrs. Morgan and Mrs. Malcolm are African‐American and only want an African‐American examiner to administer an IQ test to their children. They
a. are justifiably concerned that their children’s scores will be adversely affected by a
Caucasian examiner.
b. are laboring under the widely held myth that race of examiner impedes performance of
African‐American children.
c. realize that strict standards for proper test administration do not exist.
d. realize that it is important to have an examiner that is new and unknown to the test‐taker.

Answer 88

b. are laboring under the widely held myth that race of examiner impedes performance of
African‐American children.

Question 89

Which of the following is not indicative of the Stanford Binet‐V?

a. Age span 2‐85
b. Verbal Comprehension Index
c. IQ range 40‐160
d. Abbreviated Battery possible

Answer 89

b. Verbal Comprehension Index

Question 90

One of the stand out features of the Stanford‐Binet‐V as compared to other intelligence tests is

a. Age scale format
b. Routing tests
c. Point scale format
d. Providing a measure of general ability

Answer 90

b. Routing tests

Question 91

Symbol Search on the WISC‐IV measures what function?

a. Planning Ability
b. Abstract Thinking
c. Information‐processing speed
d. Memory

Answer 91

c. Information‐processing speed

Question 92

All but one of the following are advantages to using an alternative individual test of ability.

a. Useful for re‐evaluations
b. Foreign‐born individuals
c. Nonverbal administration
d. Standardization sample

Answer 92

d. Standardization sample

Question 93

Which of the following tests is most appropriate to administer to a child with physical limitations?

a. Porteus Maze Test ( PMT)
b. Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children‐Second Edition
c. Columbia Mental Maturity Scale‐Third Edition
d. McCarthy Scales of Children’s Abilities

Answer 93

c. Columbia Mental Maturity Scale‐Third Edition

Question 94

Which is not an example of a Nonpictorial Projective Procedure?

a. Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank
b. Washington University Sentence Completion Test
c. Children’s Apperception Test
d. Word Association Test

Answer 94

c. Children’s Apperception Test

Question 95

The SOMPA test was developed for:

a. Mexican Americans
b. White middle class
c. African Americans
d. Minority groups in general

Answer 95

d. Minority groups in general

Question 96

The field of psychology is being shaped by moral issues. Which of the following is not a current
moral issue in psychology?
a. Labeling
b. Human Rights
c. Response to Intervention
d. Invasion of Privacy

Answer 96

c. Response to Intervention

Question 97

Alternative ability tests are designed for the following purposes except which one?

a. Orthopedically Impaired
b. Age range not tapped by Binet or Wechsler
c. Communication Impaired
d. To assess achievement levels

Answer 97

d. To assess achievement levels

Question 98

What neurophysiology researcher’s “Neuron Hypothesis” suggested that neurons were separate
but form pathways, and there are separate input and output parts of neurons?
a. Cajal’s Connectional Specificity and Dynamic Polarization
b. Golgi’s Nerve Net Hypothesis
c. Sherrington’s Synaptic Junctions
d. Hebb’s Synaptic Theory of Learning

Answer 98

a. Cajal’s Connectional Specificity and Dynamic Polarization

Question 99

What process has occurred if a neuron is less likely to fire because of the input or passive graded
potentials?
a. Hyperpolarization
b. Depolarization
c. Spatial Summation
d. Temporal Summation

Answer 99

a. Hyperpolarization

Question 100

Which of the following drug effects on neurotransmitters stops the neurotransmitter from
returning to, and being taken back into, the pre‐synaptic membrane?
a. Neurotransmitter synthesis
b. Neurotransmitter reuptake
c. Neurotransmitter degradation
d. Neurotransmitter inactivation

Answer 100

b. Neurotransmitter reuptake

Question 101

The school psychologist requests that a teacher complete a behavior rating scale as part of a student’s functional behavioral assessment (FBA).Upon receiving the completed behavior rating scale, the school psychologist realizes that the age‐range of the form was inappropriate for the
particular student who is being assessed. Which of the following actions should the school psychologist pursue?
a. Transfer the responses to the appropriate form
b. Score the completed form
c. Request the teacher complete the age appropriate form
d. Blame the teacher
e. Eliminate the behavior rating scale from the FBA

Answer 101

c. Request the teacher complete the age appropriate form

Question 102

A teacher requests that the school psychologist share information discussed in a counseling session
with her student. How should the school psychologist respond to the teacher’s request?
a. Provide them with the requested information using electronic mail.
b. Explain how ethical principles of confidentially prohibit the sharing of this information.
c. Provide them with a written report.
d. Invite them to listen in on the next counseling session.
e. Schedule a conference with the teacher to discuss the information shared during the
student’s counseling session.

Answer 102

b. Explain how ethical principles of confidentially prohibit the sharing of this information.

Question 103

During a counseling session, the school psychologist becomes concerned that the counselee may intend to inflict harm upon him/herself. How should the school psychologist respond in this situation?
a. The school psychologist is unable to act due to client confidentiality.
b. Continue to discuss the situation at the next counseling session.
c. Address the situation and alert the appropriate personnel to ensure the child’s safety.
d. Send a letter to the child’s parents expressing concern for the child’s intention to harm
him/herself.
e. Ignore the issue.

Answer 103

c. Address the situation and alert the appropriate personnel to ensure the child’s safety.

Question 104

Court case decisions have supported the inclusion of handicapped students in general education
classrooms. School districts must meet the burden of showing that a student cannot be educated satisfactorily in a general education classroom with supplementary aids and services. Schools must
make reasonable attempts to include handicapped children, including cognitively impaired
children, in regular education classes. Which court case was influential in supporting the inclusion
of handicapped students?
a. Brown vs. Topeka BOE
b. Lau vs. Nichols
c. Tarasoff vs. Regents of California
d. Oberti vs. Clementon
e. Riles vs. Larry P.

Answer 104

d. Oberti vs. Clementon

Question 105

Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 and the Americans with Disabilities Act both prohibit discrimination of people with disabilities. The prohibitions of both laws apply directly to public school districts and require schools to make reasonable accommodations for students with disabilities. What type of law is this and who handles violations?

a. Program Law, Federal Department of Education
b. Funding Law, Department of State Education
c. Civil Rights Law, Office of Civil Rights
d. Special Education Law, State Department of Special Education
e. LEA Policies and Procedures, Local Board of Education

Answer 105

c. Civil Rights Law, Office of Civil Rights

Question 106

In Brown vs. Topeka Board of Education, the judge ruled that educating minority children in
separate but equal facilities denied them equal educational opportunity. In this court case, the Topeka Board of Education was in violation of which of the following?
a. Desegregation Act of 1961
b. Plessey vs. Ferguson 1896
c. The 14th Amendment: Equal Protection Clause
d. Lau vs. Nichols
e. Oberti vs. Clementon

Answer 106

c. The 14th Amendment: Equal Protection Clause

Question 107

Mr. and Mrs. Strong attended a meeting with the district child study team to discuss the special education placement of their classified kindergarten daughter, Angela. She presently attends the
district’s self contained behavior disabilities class for half‐day sessions. Angela performs on grade level and is making adequate progress in the half‐day program. However, the parents insist that Angela would benefit from a whole day program in the behavior disabilities class and that the
whole day program would be ideal for her educationally. However, the school district refuses the full day program, stating that Angela’s present placement already offers her a reasonable opportunity to learn. The school says that they do not have to provide the best or maximum education, only a reasonable opportunity to learn. What court case decision supports the school in this situation?
a. Hendrick Hudson vs. Rowley
b. Nicholas vs. Lau
c. Irving vs. Tatro
d. Goss vs. Lopez
e. Oberti vs. Clementon

Answer 107

a. Hendrick Hudson vs. Rowley

Question 108

Which reason listed below is NOT a justification for a parent or eligible student to request an amendment to his/her records under FERPA?

a. The information is inaccurate
b. The parent disagrees with something contained in the records
c. The information is misleading
d. A violation of privacy has occurred
e. The information contains typographical errors

Answer 108

b. The parent disagrees with something contained in the records

Question 109

A school psychologist conducts a direct observation of a student with behavioral difficulties within
the classroom and collects data using narrative recording techniques.To obtain narrative
recordings, an observer writes a description of events that occurred within a given time frame.
Which of the following is NOT a technique or method used for a narrative record?
a. Daily log
b. ABC analysis
c. Descriptive time sampling
d. Continuous recording
e. Behavior intervention plan

Answer 109

e. Behavior intervention plan

Question 110

Who is considered to be the “Father of Clinical and School Psychology”?

a. G. Stanley Hall
b. Arnold Gesell
c. Lightner Witmer
d. David Wechsler
e. Sigmund Freud

Answer 110

c. Lightner Witmer

Question 111

What type of medicine will most likely have a negative effect on a child with schizophrenia and
comorbid attention problems because it increases dopamine function in the brain?
a. Antipsychotics
b. Mood Stabilizers
c. Stimulants
d. Anxiolytics

Answer 111

c. Stimulants

Question 112

What type of symptoms result from William’s Syndrome, a disorder of 7q deletion?

a. Aggressive behavior, excessive eating, and obesity
b. Absence seizures, language deficits, and motor impairments
c. Gregariousness, disinhibition, hyperlexia, and symptoms of “nonverbal” learning disabilities
d. Mental retardation, dysnomia, and dyspraxia

Answer 112

c. Gregariousness, disinhibition, hyperlexia, and symptoms of “nonverbal” learning disabilities

Question 113

According to Luria’s model, what part of the cortex is responsible for the unit for programming,
regulating, and verifying mental activity?
a. Occipital lobe
b. Parietal lobe
c. Temporal lobe
d. Frontal lobe

Answer 113

d. Frontal lobe

Question 114

What evidence supports the new approach to understanding left and right hemisphere functions?

a. Newborn processing of language
b. American Sign Language in the deaf
c. Novice/expert fMRI studies
d. All of the above support the new approach

Answer 114

d. All of the above support the new approach

Question 115

According to the Concordance‐Discordance model of identifying learning disabilities, which of the following indicates there is a disability?

a. There is a significant difference between the cognitive strength and cognitive deficit.
b. There is a significant difference between the cognitive strength and the academic deficit.
c. There is no significant difference between the cognitive deficit and the academic deficit.
d. All of the above are necessary for determining whether a child has a learning disability.

Answer 115

d. All of the above are necessary for determining whether a child has a learning disability.

Question 116

Ms. Jones, a 3rd grade teacher, has expressed concerns to the school psychologist about Lilly, a
student with a disability who is receiving special educational services.According to Ms. Jones, Lilly participates in class and successfully completes her class work and homework. However, Lilly consistently performs poorly on quizzes and tests. Ms Jones believes Lilly understands the material
during instruction, but does not show her understanding in testing situations.According to best practices, the school psychologist should recommend:
a. Conducting a curriculum‐based assessment to determine why Lilly is performing poorly on quizzes and tests
b. Filling out a request for the building‐level problem‐solving team to consider Lilly for
additional services
c. Ms. Jones using alternative assignments and tasks in addition to tests and quizzes to better assesses Lilly’s understanding of the material
d. Lilly be seen by the guidance counselor to discuss her test‐taking anxiety
e. Ms. Jones provides Lilly with as many opportunities for retests as possible

Answer 116

c. Ms. Jones using alternative assignments and tasks in addition to tests and quizzes to better assesses Lilly’s understanding of the material

Question 117

Which of the following is likely with a child who has a functional disconnect between phonological and orthographic processes, and instead guesses at words based on the whole word or initial letter
configuration?
a. She uses her dorsal stream to read words.
b. She uses her ventral stream to read words.
c. She uses her right hemisphere to read words.
d. She uses her dorsolateral prefrontal cortex to read words.

Answer 117

b. She uses her ventral stream to read words.

Question 118

Which of the following subcortical brain structures is involved in both routinized motor skills and automaticity of word retrieval necessary for reading fluency?

a. Substantia Nigra
b. Thalamus
c. Cerebellum
d. Fourth Ventricle

Answer 118

c. Cerebellum

Question 119

Required for beginning math instruction, which of Piaget’s concepts would be particularly difficult for an individual with prefrontal dysfunction that results in difficulty with putting things in a quantitative order (i.e., 2, 4, 6, 8, 10)?

a. Classification
b. One‐to‐one correspondence
c. Seriation or sequencing
d. Conservation

Answer 119

c. Seriation or sequencing

Question 120

Which of the following factors is NOT a long‐term outcome associated with student grade
retention?
a. Increased risk of dropping out of school
b. Increased probability of high school graduation
c. Lowered self‐esteem
d. Poor attendance

Answer 120

b. Increased probability of high school graduation