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PRAXIS PREP! > Practice 6 > Flashcards

Practice 6 Flashcards

1
Q

One of the events often mentioned in tandem with the beginning of School Psychology is the
publication of the __________ in 1905.
a. Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC)
b. Binet‐Simon Scales
c. Differential Ability Scale (DAS)
d. School Psychology Journal

A

b. Binet‐Simon Scales

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2
Q

Which of the following best describes the minimum level of training required for certification as a
school psychologist in most states?
a. BA degree, with some graduate level courses
b. Masters degree
c. Specialist level training (Masters + at least 30 additional graduate credits)
d. Doctor of Psychology degree (PsyD)

A

c. Specialist level training (Masters + at least 30 additional graduate credits)

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3
Q 
What is the process of psychological change in values, beliefs, and behaviors when one is adapting
to a new culture?
a. Acculturation
b. Worldview
c. Moderating variables
d. Integration of values
A

a. Acculturation

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4
Q

Which of the following is an expected outcome of school‐based consultation?

a. Remediation of a student problem
b. Improvement in a teacher’s ability to handle future problems
c. Enhancement of collaborative relationships among school personnel
d. All of the above

A

d. All of the above

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5
Q

Which of the following is an instructional strategy that divides students into heterogeneous learning
groups, with each group member being responsible for learning one section of a lesson and teaching
it to other group members?
a. Skim, Rap, & Map
b. The Jigsaw Classroom
c. Mnemonics
d. Graphic Organizers

A

b. The Jigsaw Classroom

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6
Q

Which of the following is an appropriate research role for school psychologists?

a. Distributor of research
b. Conductor of research
c. Consumer of research
d. All of the above

A

d. All of the above

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7
Q

Within a three‐tiered model of intervention, activities at the universal (primary prevention) level could include which of the following?
a. A classroom‐based social‐emotional learning curriculum for students in kindergarten
through third grade
b. Remedial instruction provided for students who performed poorly on standardized
testing
c. Social skills training group for students who have been having problems on the playground
d. None of the above

A

a. A classroom‐based social‐emotional learning curriculum for students in kindergarten
through third grade

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8
Q

Which definition most accurately captures the role and definition of a school psychologist?
a. School psychology is a profession concerned with the development, mental health, and
education of children and youth
b. School psychologists provide services to children, youth, and their families within the
context of educational settings but are not limited to those settings.
c. School psychology is part of a broader field of psychology and is connected to the field of
education and other professional fields.
d. All of the above

A

d. All of the above

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9
Q

Which of the following describes evidence‐based practice?
a. Intervention strategies are selected based on prior research.
b. Professional activities are infused with practices proven to be effective in improving
outcomes.
c. Decisions are based upon data, including results of individual measures of outcome.
d. All of the above

A

d. All of the above

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10
Q

School psychologists have a great challenge to adopt more data‐oriented problem solving
approaches to assessing, intervening with, and treating children. The method that focuses on
behaviors, their antecedents, and consequences is called
a. Correlation Assessment
b. Applied Analysis
c. Functional Behavioral Assessment
d. Intelligence Monitoring

A

c. Functional Behavioral Assessment

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11
Q

Historical Determinism means

a. we are free to make choices
b. our personality is fixed at an early age
c. we determine our life goals in adolescence
d. we are destined to make mistakes

A

b. our personality is fixed at an early age

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12
Q

In personality theories, early childhood experiences are thought to be

a. experiences that have little impact on our lives
b. without effect on adult behavior
c. critical to personality formation by all theorists
d. very important by some theorists and less important by others

A

d. very important by some theorists and less important by others

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13
Q

Cattell’s theory did not originate in the

a. scientific setting
b. statistical setting
c. clinical setting
d. correlational factor analysis setting

A

c. clinical setting

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14
Q

The collective unconscious includes the past experiences of our

a. individual frustrations and failures
b. individual participation in groups
c. human and prehuman ancestors
d. previous incarnations as other people

A

c. human and prehuman ancestors

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15
Q

Erikson divided personality growth into

a. eight stages leading to adolescence
b. four stages of psychosexual development
c. eight stages from birth to death
d. four eras marked by biological changes

A

c. eight stages from birth to death

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16
Q

Which one of the following pairs is correct?

a. superego‐conscience principle
b. ego – pleasure principle
c. id – pleasure principle
d. id – reality principle

A

c. id – pleasure principle

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17
Q

The task of the ego is to __________ id impulses.

a. stop satisfaction of
b. clarify
c. postpone, delay, or redirect
d. help obtain quick satisfaction of

A

b. clarify

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18
Q

Which one of the following best supports Jung’s idea of the collective unconscious?

a. The tendency of Jung’s patients to focus on childhood experiences
b. Common themes and symbols in different cultures
c. Physiological reactions to the word‐association test
d. Symptom analysis

A

b. Common themes and symbols in different cultures

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19
Q

Each of Erickson’s stages of life involve

a. Sexual need
b. Crisis
c. Significant other person
d. Pleasure that must be renounced

A

b. Crisis

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20
Q

According to Skinner, operant behavior

a. Involves emitted (not elicited) behavior
b. Is modified by the reinforcement that follows the behavior
c. Produces a change in the organism’s environment
d. All of the above

A

d. All of the above

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21
Q

According to Kelly, a construct is

a. An innate drive
b. Our way of explaining or interpreting the world
c. A result of past reinforcement
d. The need to actualize the self

A

b. Our way of explaining or interpreting the world

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22
Q

The fundamental feature of Bandura’s theory is his

a. Focus on human subjects
b. Idea of learning by observation or example
c. Emphasis on unconscious influencing variables
d. Denial of the importance of reinforcement

A

b. Idea of learning by observation or example

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23
Q

Far more than the other theorists, Kelly’s approach emphasizes _________ functioning.

a. intellectual
b. biological
c. unconscious
d. irrational

A

a. intellectual

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24
Q

Bandura’s famous Bobo doll experiment demonstrated the power of

a. Punishment
b. Modeling
c. Token reinforcement
d. Aggressive urges in children

A

b. Modeling

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25
Q

The key idea in Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is that

a. Higher needs must be satisfied first
b. Individual needs are learned
c. Higher needs do not appear until lower needs have been satisfied
d. Safety needs are the most important

A

c. Higher needs do not appear until lower needs have been satisfied

26
Q

Maslow was associated with __________ psychology.

a. psychoanalytic
b. individual
c. behaviorist
d. humanistic

A

d. humanistic

27
Q

The Myers‐Briggs Type Indicator is the

a. Updated version of the Maudsley Personality Inventory
b. Primary instrument for conducting research on Jung’s psychological types
c. Current version of word association test
d. Preferred instrument for understanding dreams

A

b. Primary instrument for conducting research on Jung’s psychological types

28
Q

In behavior modification therapy, unconscious forces are

a. Brought to the surface
b. Ignored
c. Eliminated by negative reinforcement
d. Extinguished

A

b. Ignored

29
Q

Which is the correct order of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?

a. safety, physiological, belongingness, esteem, self‐actualization
b. physiological, belongingness, esteem, safety, self‐actualization
c. physiological, safety, belongingness, esteem, self‐actualization
d. physiological, safety, esteem, belongingness, self‐actualization

A

c. physiological, safety, belongingness, esteem, self‐actualization

30
Q 
A teacher who teaches a broad, complicated skill by breaking it into smaller, more manageable steps
is using which technique?
a. Token economy
b. Observational learning
c. Successive approximation
d. Social‐learning
A

c. Successive approximation

31
Q

A student, Brittney, is usually a happy‐go‐lucky child, but seems irritable in your counseling session
today.She is having trouble concentrating on your conversation and seems restless.You notice her
hands are trembling and she constantly fidgets with them. After your session, you talk to her teacher about her unusual behaviors. Her teacher informs you that she has a college entrance exam today that she has been dreading. Brittney is showing symptoms of
a. Generalized Anxiety Disorder
b. Panic Disorder
c. Obsessive‐Compulsive Disorder
d. Social Phobia Disorder
e. PTSD

A

b. Panic Disorder

32
Q

Most children with ADHD‐Combined Type experience all of the following except

a. Academic underachievement
b. Positive peer relationships
c. Difficulties conforming to rules and expectations
d. Poor attention span
e. Impulsivity/Hyperactivity

A

b. Positive peer relationships

33
Q

Ms. Jones, a 3rd grade teacher, has expressed concerns to the school psychologist about Lilly, a
student with a disability who is receiving special educational services.According to Ms. Jones, Lilly participates in class and successfully completes her class work and homework. However, Lilly consistently performs poorly on quizzes and tests. Ms .Jones believes Lilly understands the material during instruction but does not show her understanding in testing situations.According to best
practices, the school psychologist should recommend
a. Conducting a curriculum‐based assessment to determine why Lilly is performing poorly on
quizzes and tests.
b. Filling out a request for the building‐level problem‐solving team to consider Lilly for
additional services.
c. Ms. Jones use alternative assignments and tasks in addition to tests and quizzes to better assess Lilly’s understanding of the material.
d. Lilly be seen by the guidance counselor to discuss her test‐taking anxiety.
e. Ms. Jones provide Lilly with as many opportunities for retests as possible.

A

c. Ms. Jones use alternative assignments and tasks in addition to tests and quizzes to better assess Lilly’s understanding of the material.

34
Q

A school psychologist conducts a direct observation of a student with behavioral difficulties within the classroom and collects data using narrative recording techniques.To obtain narrative
recordings, an observer writes a description of events that occurred within a given time frame.Which of the following is NOT a technique or method used for a narrative record?
a. Daily log
b. ABC analysis
c. Descriptive time sampling
d. Continuous recording
e. Behavior intervention plan

A

e. Behavior intervention plan

35
Q

. The Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence – III (WPPSI‐III) is an individually
administered test of cognitive ability with two core batteries based on the child’s age.The battery intended for the younger population is used for children ranging in age from
a. 3 years, 0 months to 5 years, 0 months
b. 2 years, 6 months to 3 years, 11 months
c. 4 years, 0 months to 7 years, 6 months
d. 2 years, 0 months to 4 years, 6 months
e. 2 years, 6 months to 7 years, 3 months

A

b. 2 years, 6 months to 3 years, 11 months

36
Q

A teacher is implementing a new behavioral intervention for a particular student within her class at the school psychologist’s request. The intervention is started on the first day of the month and is
designed to run for thirty days. The school psychologist periodically stops into the classroom to observe the teacher’s implementation of the intervention.After fifteen days, the teacher sits down with the school psychologist to discuss the organization of the program, procedures, and her technique in order to improve her delivery of the program to the student. This is an example of:
a. Consumer‐oriented evaluation
b. Formative evaluation
c. Participant‐oriented evaluation
d. Survey evaluation
e. Summative evaluation

A

b. Formative evaluation

37
Q

Preschool‐aged children often exhibit deficits in one or multiple areas that may be a precursor to a possible learning disability. Which of the following deficits is NOT a possible precursor for a learning disorder in preschool‐aged children?

a. Difficulty with balance and walking
b. Inability to follow or remember one‐step directions
c. Delayed physical growth
d. Difficulty focusing attention or sitting still
e. Inability to use words such as ‘yes’ or ‘no’ when appropriate

A

c. Delayed physical growth

38
Q

Tyler, a fourth grader in Ms. Goodwin’s class, is struggling in all academic areas.Tyler is a general education student in an inclusion setting and is receiving services in the general education
classroom along with students with disabilities.According to Ms. Goodwin, Tyler is currently
receiving small group instruction from the special education teacher in the classroom, fifteen
minutes of phonics instruction each week from a parent volunteer, individualized instruction from Ms. Goodwin, and modified tests and quizzes from the special education teacher.Ms. Goodwin has
assessed Tyler as being below grade level in reading and math.Which answer best describes what the school psychologist should do next?
a. Tell Ms. Goodwin to fill out a referral form for an IEP team evaluation.
b. Suggest Ms. Goodwin conduct a curriculum‐based assessment to determine Tyler’s present
academic levels and help her design classroom interventions.
c. Set up a meeting with Ms. Goodwin and Tyler’s mother to discuss the concerns and ask
Tyler’s mother to help him at home.
d. Tell Ms. Goodwin to allow Tyler to stay after school a few days each week for extra help.
e. Recommend Ms. Goodwin reduce the amount of work and level of difficulty to increase
Tyler’s success level and improve his self‐confidence.

A

b. Suggest Ms. Goodwin conduct a curriculum‐based assessment to determine Tyler’s present
academic levels and help her design classroom interventions.

39
Q

After collecting data from several informants for a functional behavior assessment, the school
psychologist determines that the information is insufficient for hypothesis generation.Which best
describes what the school psychologist should do next?
a. Conduct a student file review
b. Identify other informants to interview
c. Use another form of data collecting with the same informants
d. Conduct a direct observation
e. Interview the student

A

d. Conduct a direct observation

40
Q

Which of the following statements about the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence (WASI) is
most accurate?
a. It is an effective screening measure of verbal and nonverbal abilities.
b. It is linked to the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children‐4th Edition (WISC‐IV) but not the
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale‐3rd Edition (WAIS‐III).
c. It does not have satisfactory reliability and validity.
d. It is able to be used with a broad range of individuals from age 2 years, 6 months to 89
years, 0 months.
e. It is an acceptable substitute or replacement for a comprehensive measure of intellectual
abilities.

A

a. It is an effective screening measure of verbal and nonverbal abilities.

41
Q

A student with a documented visual impairment is recommended for reevaluation. The school psychologist completes the assessment of the student, but later finds out that the student is required to wear prescription glasses. What should the school psychologist do?
a. Throw out the assessment and re‐test using the same assessment tool, making sure the
student wears his glasses the second time
b. Keep the original assessment and make a note in the report that the student was not
wearing his glasses during testing
c. Keep only the parts of the assessment where the student did not have to read or view
anything in order to answer the item
d. Reassess the student using a new assessment tool, making sure the student wears his
glasses during testing
e. Throw out the original assessment and complete your evaluation without using a new
formal evaluation tool.

A

d. Reassess the student using a new assessment tool, making sure the student wears his
glasses during testing

42
Q

The systematic collection of data is crucial in developing appropriate interventions that help students in the classroom.Decisions made without gathering this information may result in
implementing inappropriate interventions.The process begins with problem identification and the steps include all of the following EXCEPT which method?
a. Observation techniques
b. Teacher interviews
c. Review of previous interventions
d. Curriculum‐based measurements
e. Peer‐based interviews

A

e. Peer‐based interviews

43
Q

Ms. Gardiner, a third grade teacher, had a difficult time encouraging one of her students, Mary, to complete written assignments. Mary was able to generate good ideas, but had trouble transferring
her ideas onto paper.Therefore, Ms. Gardiner decreased the demands of the task by allowing Mary to provide her answers orally and write a one‐sentence summary.As Mary’s written expression improved, Ms. Gardiner gradually reduced her support until Mary gained independence during
written assignments.This instructional strategy is best known as:
a. Engagement time
b. Flexible grouping
c. Independence training
d. Scaffolding
e. Differentiated instruction

A

d. Scaffolding

44
Q

Which of the following statements is NOT true of progress monitoring?

a. It is used to determine the effectiveness of an intervention.
b. It is a standardized tool used to monitor student progress over time.
c. The tool used for collecting the baseline data must be used throughout.
d. It should be used frequently to monitor outcomes of the interventions.
e. It provides a measure for ensuring professional accountability

A

b. It is a standardized tool used to monitor student progress over time.

45
Q

Mrs. Barnard has been asked to develop an academic intervention for a fourth grader, Johnny, as a result of a recent building‐based problem‐solving team meeting.She has been told by a member of the team that Johnny is displaying oppositional behaviors when asked to complete any reading

assignments. Mrs. Barnard decides to administer the DIBELS to Johnny. According to Bergan and Kratochill’s four‐step problem solving process, Mrs. Barnard is pursuing which of the following steps?
a. Problem Identification
b. Problem Evaluation
c. Problem Solving
d. Problem Implementation
e. Problem Analysis

A

a. Problem Identification

46
Q

Which of the following is NOT true of “specially designed instruction” as defined by IDEA?

a. It requires that classroom accommodations be used for students.
b. It is defined as adapting the content, methodology, or delivery of instruction.
c. It is meant to address the unique needs of the child that result from his or her disability.
d. It is meant to ensure access to the general curriculum in order for each child to meet the educational standards.
e. It is a required part of the IEP document.

A

a. It requires that classroom accommodations be used for students.

47
Q

Academic Learning Time (ALT) is defined as the portion of instructional time that the teacher allocates for which of the following?
a. Each content area throughout the student’s instructional day.
b. Content areas during which students are actively and productively engaged in learning.
c. Specially designed, direct instruction within the classroom.
d. Teaching students based upon their varying background knowledge, readiness, language,
and preferences in learning.
e. Lesson plans and structured instructional activities.

A

b. Content areas during which students are actively and productively engaged in learning.

48
Q

High stakes testing is intended to yield four main outcomes. Which of the following is NOT an intended outcome of high stakes testing?

a. More efficient tracking methods
b. Better aligned curricula
c. Increased motivation
d. More equitable educational opportunities
e. Increased overall efficiency

A

a. More efficient tracking methods

49
Q

A second grade student, Matthew, is referred to the problem‐solving team at the beginning of the third marking period due to difficulties in reading. As a result, an intervention is implemented to
address these concerns.A progress monitoring tool is utilized to assess the effectiveness of the
intervention. The teacher, collaborating with the school psychologist, also conducts periodic functional assessments to monitor his progress.At the end of the school year, the teacher discusses the techniques used, analyzes the data collected, and determines the overall effectiveness of the
intervention.This is an example of
a. Formative evaluation
b. Consumer‐oriented evaluation
c. Treatment integrity evaluation
d. Summative evaluation
e. Participant‐oriented evaluation

A

d. Summative evaluation

50
Q

The philosophy that states that students should be promoted to higher grades based on age rather than academic accomplishment is known as what?

a. Accountability
b. Social production
c. Tracking
d. Social attainment
e. Social promotion

A

e. Social promotion

51
Q

Mr. Hunter, a school psychologist, has been using the school district’s study skills curriculum to help students improve their time management.Initially, Mr. Hunter asked each student to keep track of how much time he/she is spending on each assignment.After teaching various time management
techniques over a period of six weeks, Mr. Hunter asked students to keep a record of the techniques that did or did not work well for them; these findings were discussed with the group. Now, Mr. Hunter is working on having the students recognize when and where to apply the strategies that
best work for them. Which of the following best describes the instructional strategy that is being used by Mr. Hunter?
a. Externalizing strategy
b. Internalizing strategy
c. Metacognition
d. Knowledge of strategies
e. Cooperative Learning

A

c. Metacognition

52
Q

Ms. Tyrell has recently been made aware of a student, Mark, who becomes oppositional during class when asked to complete written tasks. Ms. Tyrell conducts a functional assessment in order to determine whether the opposition is a result of a skill or performance deficit. According to Bergan and Kratochwill, Problem Analysis involves five crucial steps. This is an example of which of these
five steps?
a. Identify relevant known information
b. Identify relevant unknown information
c. Generate the hypothesis or predication
d. Validate the hypothesis or predication
e. Link assessment information to intervention design

A

c. Generate the hypothesis or predication

53
Q

For students who have social communication deficits, an alternative communication system in which
pictures are used by an individual to express what he or she wants or needs is called
a. Discrete Trial Instruction (DTI)
b. Social Stories
c. Verbal Behavior System
d. Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS)
e. Token economy

A

d. Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS)

54
Q

Which of the following is a situation where the school psychologist is NOT required to breach confidentiality from counseling sessions with a student?
a. The student says he wants to hurt his teacher.
b. The school psychologist is obligated to testify in court regarding the information.
c. A student writes a letter saying she wants to hurt herself and has developed a plan.
d. A parent requests weekly reports on what is being discussed during counseling sessions.
e. The student requests for the school psychologist to help disclose confidential information to
his or her parent.

A

d. A parent requests weekly reports on what is being discussed during counseling sessions.

55
Q

Applied Behavior Analysis is:
a. A systematic way of teaching involving a series of repeated trials to teach cognitive, social,
and behavioral skills.
b. A framework for thinking about the development of language and its application.
c. A framework in which the science and principles of behavior are applied to develop procedures to improve socially significant behavior.
d. The way in which behavior analysts determine the function of a behavior and determine
how it is reinforced and maintained.
e. A program in which skills are broken down into smaller steps that are easy to teach

A

c. A framework in which the science and principles of behavior are applied to develop procedures to improve socially significant behavior.

56
Q

The school psychologist wants to evaluate the climate of the school.Which of the following is an example of direct assessment?

a. Reviewing teachers’ questionnaires regarding their opinion on the school’s overallclimate
b. Graphing the discipline referrals so the data can be reviewed quantitatively
c. Walking around the school in order to document the cleanliness of the school
d. Observing classrooms to see how the school climate impacts teacher instruction
e. Examining job satisfaction based on teacher turnover rate

A

a. Reviewing teachers’ questionnaires regarding their opinion on the school’s overallclimate

57
Q

Johnny, a second grader, has learned how to initiate play through watching and modeling other
children in his classroom.Johnny is learning social skills through what method?
a. Universal
b. Selected
c. Formal
d. Informal
e. Performance

A

d. Informal

58
Q

The following are components of Positive Behavior Support except:

a. Grouping students into enrichment clusters to increase academic interest.
b. Meeting with staff to review specific behavior referrals.
c. Developing a unified system to rank behaviors by means of severity.
d. Incorporating academic and behavior instruction into classroom lessons.
e. Strengthening behavior using tangible and non‐tangible reinforces.

A

a. Grouping students into enrichment clusters to increase academic interest.

59
Q

Which of the following is NOT a best practice of implementing negative consequences?

a. Removing of a privilege that a student has previously earned
b. Calling a parent to inform them of the student’s behavior
c. Withholding an extrinsic motivator until the student corrects his/her behavior
d. Referring the student to an administrator
e. Responding immediately

A

a. Removing of a privilege that a student has previously earned

60
Q

Which one of the following is NOT a basic psychological process important for academic success?

a. Attention
b. Evaluation
c. Planning
d. Simultaneous
e. Successive

A

b. Evaluation

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