Protozoal infection (inc Malaria) Flashcards
(34 cards)
What organism causes trichomoniasis?
Trichomonas vaginalis, a flagellate protozoan.
Name three complications of trichomoniasis.
Preterm delivery/low birthweight infant, infertility, enhanced HIV transmission.
What is the most common non-viral STI worldwide?
Trichomoniasis.
List four common symptoms of trichomoniasis in women.
Vaginal discharge, vulval itching, dysuria, offensive odour.
What are common symptoms of trichomoniasis in men?
Urethral discharge and/or dysuria.
What is the preferred diagnostic sample for women?
High vaginal swab from the posterior fornix - Urine sample or self-administered vaginal swab can be used.
What samples should be collected from men for diagnosis?
Urethral swab and/or urine sample.
What is the first-line treatment for non-pregnant adults (with or without HIV)?
Oral metronidazole 400–500 mg twice daily for 7 days or a single 2 g dose.
What is the recommended treatment for symptomatic pregnant or breastfeeding women?
Oral metronidazole 400 mg twice a day for 7 days.
Should high-dose metronidazole (2 g single dose) be used during pregnancy or breastfeeding?
No, it is not recommended.
How should recent sexual partners be managed?
Treat and screen all partners from the past 4 weeks.
What post-treatment advice should be given?
Advise sexual abstinencefor at least 1 week after starting treatment and until the person and partner(s) have completed treatment and follow up.
What causes leishmaniasis?
Protozoan parasites transmitted by the bite of infected female phlebotomine sandflies.
Does cutaneous leishmaniasis always require treatment?
No, it frequently heals spontaneously, but treatment is indicated if lesions are extensive or unsightly.
What is leishmaniases?
There are 3 main forms of leishmaniases: visceral (the most serious form because it is almost always fatal without treatment), cutaneous (the most common, usually causing skin ulcers), and mucocutaneous (affecting mouth, nose and throat).
What is the first-line treatment for visceral leishmaniasis?
Sodium stibogluconate, an organic pentavalent antimony compound.
What organism causes toxoplasmosis?
Toxoplasma gondii, a protozoan parasite.
Who are the primary hosts for Toxoplasma gondii?
Cats, especially domestic cats.
What symptoms are typically seen in healthy individuals with toxoplasmosis?
Often asymptomatic or mild flu-like symptoms (fever, fatigue, muscle aches).
What serious complications can occur in immunocompromised patients with toxoplasmosis?
Encephalitis, neurological disorders, and retinochoroiditis.
What are the classic signs of congenital toxoplasmosis?
Hydrocephalus, intracranial calcifications, and chorioretinitis.
What is the main treatment regimen for severe toxoplasmosis?
Pyrimethamine + sulfadiazine + leucovorin.
How is malaria transmitted to humans?
Through the bite of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes.
What causes malaria?
Infection of red blood cells by Plasmodium parasites.
Plasmodium falciparum - responsible for most deaths.
