Psychopathology - cognitive approach to explaining depression

Question 1

What did Beck do

Answer 1

ttok cogh approach to explaining why some people more vunerable to depression than others

Question 2

What did Beck says creates vuenrability to depression

Answer 2

a persons cognitions i.e the way tehy think

Question 3

What are the three parts to cognitive vulnerabilitu

Answer 3

Faulty Information Processing
Negative Self - Schema
Negative Triad

Question 4

What is faulty information procesing

Answer 4

when depressed people atenD to negative aspects of a situation and ignore positives

Question 5

Give an eg pf faulty information processing

Answer 5

win 1 mill but focus on fact last wek someone won 10million

instead of all the good i could obtain/do with a milly

Question 6

what type of thinking do depressed people think

Answer 6

black and white thinking

Question 7

What is black and white thinking

Answer 7

something is either all good or all bad

Question 8

What is a Schemas

Answer 8

package of ideas and info developed thorugh excperience

acts as a mental framework for interpretation of sensory info

Question 9

What is self schema

Answer 9

pack of info people have about themselves

Question 10

People use schema to

Answer 10

interpret the world

Question 11

If a person has a negative self schema how do they interpet all infotmation about themselves

Answer 11

in a negative way

Question 12

what did beck say causes a perosn to develops a dysfunctiomal view of themselves

Answer 12

becuase of the 3 types of negatove thinking that occur automatically regardless of reality of what’s happening at the time

Question 13

What are the three elements that make a person develop a dysfunctional view of themselves called

Answer 13

the negative triad

Question 14

When a person is depressed what thoughts are uppermost

Answer 14

negative thoughts about
world ,
future
the self

Question 15

State the negative triaf

Answer 15

negative view of the world
negative view of the future
negative view of the self

Question 16

give an exampleof negative view of the world and what impression this creates

Answer 16

world is a cold ahrd palce

impression - no hope anywhere

Question 17

give an exampleof negative view of the future and what impression this resuces/enhances

Answer 17

there isnt much chance econ will relaly get better

reduce - hopefulness
emhance - depression

Question 18

give an exampleof negative view of self and what this enhances and why

Answer 18

i am a failure

enhance existing depressive feelings
as confirm emotions of low self esteem

Question 19

ELLIS ABC MODEL - What was his different explanation of depression/ he proposed

Answer 19

good mental health is result of rational thinking

Question 20

ELLIS ABC MODEL - what is rational thinking

Answer 20

thinking in ways that allow people to be happy and free from pain

Question 21

ELLIS ABC MODEL - to ellis conditions like anxiety and depression result form

Answer 21

irratinoal thought s

Question 22

ELLIS ABC MODEL - define irratinoal thoughts from ellis pov

Answer 22

thoughts that interfere with us being happy and free from pain

Question 23

ELLIS ABC MODEL - irrational thougts are not

Answer 23

illogical
unrealsitic

Question 24

ELLIS ABC MODEL - this explains how

Answer 24

irratinoal thoughts affect our behaviour and emotional stat e

Question 25

ELLIS ABC MODEL - what do ABC stand for

Answer 25

A - activating event B- beliefs C - onsequences

Question 26

A ACTIVATING EVENT - ellis focused on situations in which

Answer 26

irratinoal thoughts are triggered by external evennts

Question 27

A ACTIVATING EVENT - acording to ellis we get depressed when and what does this trigger

Answer 27

we experience negative events these trigger irrational beliefs

Question 28

A ACTIVATING EVENT - give example of an activating event and what this may trigger

Answer 28

failing an important test might trigger ittational beliefs

Question 29

B BELIEFS - ellis identified a range of

Answer 29

irrational beliefs

Question 30

B BELIEFS - What is musturbation

Answer 30

belief we must always suceed or ahchieve perfection

Question 31

B BELIEFS - what is i cant stand it itis

Answer 31

belief its a major disaster whenever something doesnt go smoothly

Question 32

B BELIEFS - what is utopianism

Answer 32

beleif life is alwasy meant to be fair

Question 33

C CONSEQUENCES - When an activating event triggers an emotional irratinoal beliefs there are ...

Answer 33

emotional and behavioural consequences

Question 34

C CONSEQUENCES - for example if a person believes they must succed (musturbation) and then fails at something this can trigger

Answer 34

depression

Question 35

EVAL- strength beck supporting research

Answer 35

supporting research clark and beck 1999 concluded not only were these cognitive vulnerabilities like faulty info processing more common in depressed people but they preceded the depression this was confirmed in a more recent prospective study by Cohen et al 2019 tracked 473 adolescents development, regularly measuring cognitive vulnerability and found showing cognitive vulnerability predicted later depression this shows that there is association between cognitive vulnerability and depression

Question 36

EVAL - strength beck real worl applciation

Answer 36

real world application in screening and tREATMENT FOR depression cohen et al concluded assessing cognitive vulnerability allows psycholigitsts to screen young people, identifying those most at risk of developing depression and monitoring them understanding cognitive vulnerability can also be applied in CBT to alter cognitions that make people vulnerable to depression,making person more resilient to -ve life events means that understanding of cognitive vulnerability is useful in more than one aspect of clinical practice

Question 37

EVAL - ellis - stregth real world application

Answer 37

real world applciaion in psycho treatment of depression his approach to cog therapry is REBT idea is by vigorously arguing w a depressed person the therapist can alter the irrational beliefs making em unhappy theres some evidence to support idea REBT can both change -ve beliefs and relieve symptoms of depression meaning REBT got real world value

Question 38

EVAL limitation of ellsi - reactive and endogenous depression

Answer 38

it only explains reactive depression not endogenous depression there seems to eb no doubt depression often trigerred by life events - what he would call activating events such cases called reactive depression how we repsonf to -ve life events also seems to be at least partly the result of our beliefs but many cases of depression not traceable to life events and its not obvious what leads person to become depressed at aprticular tiem this type of depression sometimes called endogenoues depression ellis model less useful for explaining endogenous depression meaning ellis model can only explain some cases of depression therefore only partial explanation