Psychosocial, Cognitive, Moral Dev't Flashcards
was a psychoanalyst who adapted and expanded Sigmund Freud’s (1935) psychosexual theory.
Erik Erikson
Erikson’s theory has become known as a psychosocial theory, with psychosocial being defined as the ??? and ??? responses of a person to external events (Schuster & Ashburn, 1992).
intrapersonal and interpersonal
(person) concluded that societal, cultural, and historical factors—as well as biophysical processes and cognitive function—influence personality development
Erikson
He declared that the ego not only mediates between the id’s abrupt
impulses and the superego’s moral demands but that it can positively affect a person’s development as more skills and experience are gained.
Erikson
[person] is best known for identifying eight stages of the life span through which a person may sequentially develop
Erikson
Erikson proposed that each stage (or achievement level) has a central developmental task corresponding to both biophysical maturity and societal expectations. He called these tasks ???, dilemmas that are composed of opposing viewpoints
crises
Erikson’s psychosocial model involves eight life stages.
(A) Infants gain ???
(B) Toddlers develop ???
(C) Preschoolers learn ???.
(D) School-aged children develop ???
(E) Adolescents achieve ???
(F) Young adults achieve ???.
(G) Middle-aged adults attain ???
(H) Older adults achieve ???
trust;
autonomy;
initiative;
industry;
identity;
intimacy;
generativity;
ego identity
Erikson posited that those who positively resolved generativity could move to a higher level that addressed a “??????” (i.e., a new sense of self that transcends
universe and time)
premonition of immortality
Erikson did not strictly define chronologic boundaries for his stages. He did assign selected developmental levels throughout the life span (Table 7-1), termed ???, as times when a person possesses criteria to attempt a given developmental task
critical periods
[person] (1970) described himself as a genetic epistemologist (one who studies the origins of knowledge)
Dr. Jean Piaget
His theory is a description and an explanation of the growth and development of intellectual structures.
Piaget
He focused on how a person learns, not what the person learns.
[Piaget]
is the process of obtaining understanding about one’s world
Cognition
[Person] acknowledged that interrelationships of physical maturity, social interaction, environmental stimulation, and experience in general were necessary for cognition to occur. His primary focus, however, was the biology of thinking.
Piaget
believed that individual cognitive development occurs as the result of one’s organization and adaptation to the perceived environment.
Piaget
To explain his theory, he applied the concepts of schema (plural: schemata), assimilation, accommodation, and equilibration (equilibrium).
Piaget
is a unit of thought and a classification for a phenomenon, behavior, or event.
schema
Schemata can be categorized
using either ??? or ???
assimilation or accommodation
is an adaptive process whereby a stimulus or information is incorporated into an already existing schema.
Assimilation
is the creation of a new schema or the modification of an old one to differentiate more accurately a stimulus or a behavior from an existing schema.
Accommodation
is the balance between assimilation and accommodation.
Equilibration
When ??? occurs, it provides motivation for the individual to assimilate or accommodate further.
disequilibrium
[person]emphasized that schemata, assimilation, accommodation, and equilibration are all essential for cognitive growth and development.
Piaget
He theorized that intellectual development begins the moment a baby is born.
Piaget
