RLE: Musculoskeletal Assessment

Question 1

an involuntary trembling of a limb or body part

Answer 1

tremor

Question 2

tremor that becomes more apparent when an individual attempts a voluntary movement

Answer 2

intention tremor

Question 3

tremor that is more apparent when the client is relaxed and diminishes with activity

Answer 3

resting tremor

Question 4

is an abnormal contraction of a bundle of muscle fibers that appears as a twitch

Answer 4

fasciculation

Question 5

crepitation

Answer 5

a crackling, grating
sound

Question 6

Atrophy

Answer 6

muscle decrease in size

Question 7

hypertrophy

Answer 7

muscle increase in size

Question 8

a device that measures the angle of a joint in degrees

Answer 8

goniometer

Question 9

The musculoskeletal is made up of ??? skeletal (voluntary) muscles, which are under conscious control.

Answer 9

650

Question 10

Palpate the ??? of newborns. A mass and crepitus may indicate a fracture experienced during vaginal delivery

Answer 10

clavicles

Question 11

The newborn may also have limited movement of the ??? and ??? on the affected side (clavicle).

Answer 11

arm and shoulder

Question 12

When the arms and legs of newborns are pulled to extension
and released, newborns naturally return to the ???.

Answer 12

flexed fetal position

Question 13

Check muscle strength by holding the infant lightly under the arms with feet placed lightly on a table. Infants should

Answer 13

not fall through the hands and should be able to bear body weight on their legs if normal muscle strength is present.

Question 14

Check infants for developmental dysplasia of the hip by examining for [3]

Answer 14

asymmetric gluteal folds,

symmetric abduction of the legs (Ortolani and Barlow tests), or

apparent shortening of the femur

Question 15

dysplasia

Answer 15

congenital dislocation

Question 16

Infants should be able to sit without support by ? months of age,

crawl by ??? months, and

walk by ??? months.

Answer 16

8;
7 to 10;
12 to 15

Question 17

Pronation and “toeing in” of the feet are common in children between ??? months of age

Answer 17

12 and 30

Question 18

(bowleg) is normal in children for about 1 year after beginning to walk.

Answer 18

Genu varum

Question 19

(knock-knee) is normal in preschool and early school-age children.

Answer 19

Genu valgus

Question 20

(swayback) is common in children before age 5.

Answer 20

Lordosis

Question 21

During the rapid growth spurts of adolescence, ??? may appear.

Answer 21

spinal curvature and rotation (scoliosis)

Question 22

Children should be assessed for scoliosis by age ??? and ??? until their growth slows.

Answer 22

12 and annually

Question 24

Adolescent girls who participate extensively in ??? are at risk for delayed menses, osteoporosis, and eating disorder

Answer 24

strenuous athletic activities

Question 25

decreases progressively with age, but wide variations are seen among different individuals.

Answer 25

Muscle mass

Question 26

is the place where two or more bones meet.

Answer 26

Joint (or articulation)

Question 27

classification of joints

Answer 27

fibrous, cartilaginous, or synovial.

Question 28

joints: are joined by fibrous connective tissue and are immovable

Answer 28

Fibrous joints (e.g. sutures between skull bones)

Question 29

joints: are joined by cartilage.

Answer 29

Cartilaginous joints (e.g. joints between vertebrae)

Question 30

joint: contain a space between the bones that is filled with synovial fluid

Answer 30

Synovial joints (e.g. shoulders, wrists, hips, knees, ankles)

Question 31

a lubricant that promotes a sliding movement of the ends of the bones

Answer 31

synovial fluid

Question 32

Bones in synovial joints are joined by ??? (a strong, dense bands of fibrous connective tissue.

Answer 32

ligaments

Question 33

Some synovial joints contain ???, which are small sacs filled with synovial fluid that serve to cushion the joint

Answer 33

bursae

Question 34

strength rating: 5

Answer 34

active motion against full resistance normal

Question 35

strength rating: 4

Answer 35

Active motion against some resistance Slight weakness

Question 36

strength rating: 3

Answer 36

Active motion against gravity Average weakness

Question 37

strength rating: 2

Answer 37

Passive ROM (gravity removed and assisted by examiner) Poor ROM

Question 38

strength rating: 1

Answer 38

Slight flicker of contraction Severe weakness

Question 39

strength rating: 0

Answer 39

No muscular contraction Paralysis

Question 40

ROM: Do not force the part beyond ???

Answer 40

its normal range

Question 41

if the client expresses discomfort or pain?

Answer 41

Stop passive motion

Question 42

When comparing bilateral strength, keep in mind that the client’s ??? side will tend to be the stronger side.

Answer 42

dominant

Question 43

provide structure and protection, serve as levers, store calcium, and produce blood cells.

Answer 43

Bones

Question 44

A total of ??? bones make up the axial skeleton (head and trunk) and the appendicular skeleton extremities, shoulders, and hips)

Answer 44

206

Question 45

Articulation between the temporal bone and mandible.

Answer 45

TEMPOROMANDIBULAR

Question 46

Articulation between the ulna and radius of the lower arm and the humerus of the upper arm; contains a synovial membrane and several bursae.

Answer 46

ELBOW

Question 47

Junction between the manubrium of the sternum and the clavicle; has no obvious movements.

Answer 47

STERNOCLAVICULAR

Question 48

Articulation of the head of the humerus in the glenoid cavity of the scapula.

Answer 48

SHOULDER

Question 49

Articulation between the distal radius, ulnar bone, carpals, and metacarpals. Contains ligaments and is lined with a synovial membrane

Answer 49

WRIST, FINGERS, THUMB

Question 50

vertebrae has how many bones

Answer 50

33

Question 51

Articulation between the head of the femur and the acetabulum. Contains a fibrous capsule.

Answer 51

HIP

Question 52

Articulation of the femur, tibia, and patella; contains fibrocartilaginous disks (medial and lateral menisci) and many bursae.

Answer 52

KNEE

Question 53

Articulation between the talus (large posterior foot tarsal), tibia, and fibula. The talus also articulates with the navicular bones. The heel (calcaneus bone) is connected to the tibia and fibula by ligaments.

Answer 53

ANKLE AND FOOT

Question 54

is a disease in which bones demineralize and become porous and fragile, making them susceptible to fractures

Answer 54

Osteoporosis

Question 55

Bones lose their ??? with age, putting the older client at risk for bone fractures, especially of the wrists, hips, and vertebrae.

Answer 55

density

Question 56

may be misdiagnosed as arthritis, especially in the older adult.

Answer 56

Joint-stiffening conditions

Question 57

??? and other musculoskeletal symptoms may be a transient effect of the tetanus, whooping cough, diphtheria, or polio vaccines

Answer 57

Joint stiffening

Question 58

An exaggerated thoracic curve (???) is common with aging.

Answer 58

kyphosis

Question 59

Impaired ROM and neck pain associated with fever, chills, and headache could be indicative of a ???

Answer 59

serious infection such as meningitis.

Question 60

Some older clients may have a ??? appearance because of decreased muscle control.

Answer 60

bow-legged

Question 61

This test helps to detect large amounts of fluid in the knee. With the client in a supine position, firmly press your nondominant thumb and index finger on each side of the patella.

Answer 61

ballottement test.

Question 62

If you notice swelling, perform the bulge test to determine if the swelling is due to accumulation of fluid or soft tissue swelling. The bulge test helps to detect small amounts of fluid in the knee

Answer 62

bulge test

Question 63

With client lying on back and both legs flat and extended, support and raise one leg, keeping it straight while the other leg is left flat. Continue to raise that leg just short of pain and then dorsiflex the foot. This maneuver stretches the nerve over a protruded disk.

Answer 63

Lasegue Test or Straight leg Raising