RLE: Breast & Axillae

Question 1

a step-by-step method that can be conducted at least once a month to detect signs of infection and breast cancer.

Answer 1

breast and axillae assessment

Question 2

The breast is made up of milk-producing glands that are arranged into units known as ?

Answer 2

lobules

Question 3

lobules are connected via a series of ??? that ultimately join up to form a common drainage path, terminating at the ???

Answer 3

ducts;
nipple

Question 4

The nipple is surrounded by a ring of pigmented tissue known as the ?

Answer 4

areola

Question 5

??? tissue support the rest of the structure and allow the breast to maintain its distinctive shape.

Answer 5

Fibro-elastic and fatty

Question 6

The breast lies on top of the ??? muscle, which rests on the thoracic cage.

Answer 6

pectoral

Question 7

The rough boundaries of the breast are as follows:

Answer 7

Superior aspect of the breast is bounded by the clavicle

Inferiorly by the inframammary crease (“bra line”)

Medially by the sternum

Laterally by the axilla

Question 8

A recent increase in the size of one breast may indicate ??? or ???

Answer 8

inflammation or an abnormal growth

Question 9

breast shape:

one breast is larger than the other

Answer 9

asymmetric

Question 10

breast shape:

wider more muscular breast with less tissue

Answer 10

athletic

Question 11

breast shape:

slimmer at the top, fuller at the bottom

Answer 11

bell

Question 12

breast shape:

nipples pointing outward in opposite directions

Answer 12

east west

Question 13

breast shape:

breast with lax tissue and nipples pointing downward

Answer 13

relaxed

Question 14

breast shape:

equally full at the top and bottom

Answer 14

round

Question 15

breast shape:

wide space between breast

Answer 15

side set

Question 16

breast shape:

thin breasts, nipples pointing downward

Answer 16

slender

Question 17

breast shape:

round, slightly less full at the top

Answer 17

tear drop

Question 18

Linear stretch marks may be seen where

Answer 18

during and after pregnancy or with significant weight gain or loss

Question 19

Veins radiate either horizontally and toward the ??? (transverse) or vertically with a ??? (longitudinal). Veins are more prominent during ???

Answer 19

axilla;

lateral flare;

pregnancy

Question 20

Redness is associated with ???

Answer 20

breast inflammation

Question 21

pigskin-like or orange-peel (???)

Answer 21

peau

Question 22

The edema is caused by ???

Answer 22

blocked lymphatic drainage

Question 23

prominent venous pattern may occur as a result of increased circulation due to a ???

Answer 23

malignancy

Question 24

An asymmetric venous pattern may be due to ???

Answer 24

malignancy

Question 25

is usually caused by a malignant tumor that has fibrous strands attached to the breast tissue and the fascia of the muscles.

Answer 25

Dimpling or retraction

Question 26

Restricted movement of the breast or retraction of the skin or nipple indicates ??? and ??? of the underlying tissues. This is usually due to an underlying ???

Answer 26

fibrosis and fixation; malignant tumor

Question 27

small Montgomery tubercles functions

Answer 27

prevents dehydration; antibacterial; scent for babies

Question 28

Nipples are usually ???, but they may be inverted or flat.

Answer 28

everted

Question 29

A recently retracted nipple that was previously everted suggests ???

Answer 29

malignancy

Question 30

Any type of spontaneous discharge should be referred for ??? and further evaluation.

Answer 30

cytologic study

Question 31

lymph nodes palpation Thickening of the tissues may occur with an underlying ???.

Answer 31

malignant tumor

Question 32

Soft, fatty enlargement of breast tissue is seen in

Answer 32

obesity

Question 33

a smooth, firm, movable disc of glandular tissue, may be seen in one breast in males during puberty, usually temporary. However, it may also be seen in hormonal imbalances, drug abuse, cirrhosis, leukemia, and thyrotoxicosis.

Answer 33

Gynecomastia

Question 34

Irregularly shaped, hard nodules occur in ?

Answer 34

breast cancer

Question 35

A generalized increase in nodularity and tenderness may be a normal finding associated with the ??? or ???

Answer 35

menstrual cycle or hormonal medications

Question 36

Painful, tender breasts may be indicative of ???, especially right before menstruation However, pain may also occur with a ???

Answer 36

fibrocystic breasts; malignant tumor

Question 37

The nipple may become ??? and the areola may ??? in response to stimulation.

Answer 37

erect; pucker

Question 38

A milky discharge is usually normal only during ??? and ???. However, some women may normally have a ??? discharge.

Answer 38

pregnancy and lactation; clear

Question 39

breast palpation methods

Answer 39

circular wedge vertical strip