Pulmonary

Question 1

predisposing conditions for ____________include tobacco, alcohol, COPD, bronchial obstruction, malnutrition

Answer 1

community acquired pneumonia

Question 2

typical pneumonia refers to bacteria that causes chills, cough, ________ and _____

Answer 2

fever and SOB

Question 3

typical bacteria include s. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, staph aureus, group A ______

Answer 3

strep

Question 4

______ causes of pneumonia include chlamydia, legionella,

Answer 4

aytpical

Question 5

chills, cough, fever, and SOB are common symptoms of ______

Answer 5

community acquired pneumonia

Question 6

Hemophilus influenza is a typical cause of CAP in ______ patients with underlying pulmonary disease

Answer 6

older

Question 7

beta-lactam agents are the preferred antimmicrobial agents for __________

Answer 7

H. influenza

Question 8

H. flu are gram negative rods, facultative anaerobic, and ____

Answer 8

small

Question 9

if patient is younger than 40, lives in close quarters, it is likely they have ________

Answer 9

mycoplasma pneumonia (via infected respiratory droplets)

Question 10

mycoplasma pneumonia has no _____ ______ that can grow in aerobic and anaerobic conditions.

Answer 10

cell wall

Question 11

beta lactam attack cell walls, so they will not be effective on ___________

Answer 11

myoplasma pneumonia

Question 12

aytpical CAP occurs from ________ ______, which has gradual onset (headache, malaise, low grade fever)

Answer 12

mycoplasma pneumonia

Question 13

treat M. pneumonia with ________ (azithromycin)

Answer 13

macrolides (inhibit protein synthesis, so works on bacteria without a cell wall); doxycycline is an alternative (fluoroquinolone can cause a achilles tendon tear)

Question 14

if your patient is middle aged or older, has travelled recently, or exposed to mist environment (showers/whirpool), the pathogen is _____________

Answer 14

legionella

Question 15

legionella is a gram negative bacilli has an onset of _____

Answer 15

2-10 days

Question 16

legionella CAP has the same symptoms, but with a higher fever and ______ symptoms (atypical)

Answer 16

GI

Question 17

treat legionella with ______

Answer 17

azithromycin

Question 18

a mildly ill patient who lives in a close environment may get CAP through __________

Answer 18

chlamydia pneumoniae

Question 19

pneumonia and bronchitis, most common respiratory infections, are the result of _________

Answer 19

chlamydia pneumoniae

Question 20

chlamydia is an obligate ________ bacteria. immunity is _______

Answer 20

intracellular

short lived

Question 21

chlamydia pneumoniae has the usual symptoms, plus ________ and hoarseness (atypical)

Answer 21

pharyngitis

Question 22

switch from azithromycin to _______ if Chlamydia pneumonia is documented

Answer 22

doxycycline

Question 23

if patient is not severely sick, not in a special group, they likely have _________. Typical.

Answer 23

strep pneumoniae

Question 24

step pneumonia is a gram positive, alpha hemolytic bacterium. Adheres to ________ cells of the nasopharynx and forms bridges

Answer 24

epithelial

Question 25

gram negative bacilli (klebsiella) are uncommon for pneumonia. People with these have _______ pneumonia, admitted to ICU

Answer 25

severe

Question 26

klebsiella pneumonia is a _____ cause of CAP. Also in alcoholics, ______ and COPD

Answer 26

nosocomial | diabetics

Question 27

fever, cough, INCREASED sputum production, leukocytosis, crackles in __________

Answer 27

klebsiella pneumoniae

Question 28

"currant jelly" is blood tinged sputum that occurs in ______ (due to necrosis in the lung tissue)

Answer 28

klebsiella pneumoniae

Question 29

influenza more likely to cause viral pneumonia after an __________

Answer 29

upper respiratory infection

Question 30

respiratory syncytial virus is hardest on the ______ and is spread hands to nose

Answer 30

elderly

Question 31

parainfluenza usually starts off with a mild upper respiratory infection, but can be life threatening in ___________ adults

Answer 31

immunocompromised

Question 32

adenovirus causes patchy _________ infiltrates

Answer 32

alveolar

Question 33

SARS and MERS-CoV, Avian influenza, Hantavirus, and some fungal also cause _______

Answer 33

pneumonia

Question 34

children under _____, adults over 65, people with chronic _____ disorders, immunosuppression are at a high risk for CAP

Answer 34

2 | pulmonary

Question 35

bronchitis is usually _____ and develops on top of a cold or flu

Answer 35

viral

Question 36

chlamydial infect often results in _______ ______

Answer 36

acute bronchitis

Question 37

persistent cough lasting 10-20 days, wheezing, low fever, chest tightness are symptoms of ____ _____. Dullness to ______

Answer 37

acute bronchitis | percussion

Question 38

treat cough with anti-tussives, treat airflow with ________, and steroids to reduce ______

Answer 38

humidifier | inflammation

Question 39

in COPD patients, treat bronchitis with _________

Answer 39

antibiotics

Question 40

bronchiolitis occurs in children under ____ years, upper respiratory symptoms, and wheezing/crackles

Answer 40

2

Question 41

bronchiolitis is most common in infants and children following ____________ and adenovirus

Answer 41

respiratory synctial virus

Question 42

nasal flaring, accessory muscle use may occur in __________

Answer 42

severe bronchiolitis

Question 43

pertussis attacks infants under ____ years old, caused by _________ ______. Via respiratory droplets.

Answer 43

2 | bordatella pertussis

Question 44

treat pertussis with a ________

Answer 44

macrolide (erythromycin)

Question 45

________ are ingested by alveolar macrophages, pass through the lymphatics and blood stream before an immune response is mounted

Answer 45

tubercul bacilli

Question 46

the _____ lung lobes are most affected by TB. PA and lateral chest X-ray.

Answer 46

upper

Question 47

TB treatment lasts for 6-9 months. ______ is difficult

Answer 47

compliant

Question 48

Histoplasmosis occurs when soil is disrupted, and _______ occurs

Answer 48

aerosolization to humans

Question 49

histoplasmis is a ______ infection of the lung; worse in _______ pts

Answer 49

fungal | immunocompromised

Question 50

itraconazole and amphotericin are used to treat ________

Answer 50

histoplasmosis

Question 51

_____ TB is inactive and cannot infect others. But, it activates if the host immune response _____

Answer 51

latent | weakens

Question 52

in primary TB, the patient inhales airborne ________ with tubercle bacilli. These pass through ______ and _______ before an immune response is mounted

Answer 52

droplets | lymphatics and blood stream

Question 53

pertussis occurs via _______ droplets, often in infants under 2. 3 stages. Treat with _______

Answer 53

respiratory | macrolides (erithromycin)

Question 54

TB presents with malaise, anorexia, weight loss, _____, and ______ _____. Cough is dry at first, becomes ______ streaked.

Answer 54

fever night sweats blood often seen in children