Quiz 2 Hormone Releasing Glands

Question 1

Hypothalamus Hormones

Answer 1

Produces hormones (releasing factors) that stimulate the pituitary gland to produce other hormones

Question 2

Anterior Pituitary Hormones

Answer 2

ACTH, LH, FSH, TSH, GH, Prolactin

Question 3

ACTH

Answer 3

Stimulates cortisol production in adrenals (with negative feedback loop, to both pituitary and hypothalamus)
*diurnal variation, peaks in the morning and lowest in afternoon/evening

Question 4

GH

Answer 4

Somatotropin, directs energy towards growth

Question 5

Prolactin: stimulation of, inhibition

Answer 5

Stimulates breast growth and milk creation, turns off LH and FSH
Stimulated by TRH and inhibited by Dopamine
Hyperprolactinemia: shuts down gonads

Question 6

Posterior Pituitary

Answer 6

ADH (vasopressin), Oxytocin

Made in Hypothalamus, stored in pituitary

Question 7

ADH

Answer 7

Anti-diuretic, tries to hold on to water, stimulated by osmolality of your serum

Question 8

SIADH

Answer 8

Syndrome of ADH, inappropriately high levels of ADH

Question 9

Decreased ADH

Answer 9

Diabetes Insipidus

Question 10

Oxytocin

Answer 10

Stimulates uterine contractions and letdown of milk

Question 11

Glucose Suppression Test

Answer 11

Glucose in normal patients will suppress the release of growth hormone. Patients with tumors producing growth hormone will continue to release growth hormone after glucose infusion.

Question 12

Adrenal Hormone Production

Answer 12

Central portion is where epinephrine and norepinephrine are made

Question 13

Aldosterone

Answer 13

Mineralocorticoid, Controlled by Renin-Angiotensin system (promotes salt and water retention by kidneys, as well as control blood pressure)

Question 14

Hyperaldosteronism

Answer 14

Conn’s Syndrome (Primary): retain water and sodium

Secondary: Renin problem

Question 15

Hypoaldostreronism

Answer 15

Addison’s Syndrome: atrophy of adrenal gland

low sodium and increased K

Question 16

Cortisol

Answer 16

Increases blood glucose, gluconeogenesis (from fatty acids), lipolysis, shuts down protein synthesis and switches to protein breakdown, turns off inflamm. response
Controlled by ACTH, negative feedback loop
Has diurnal variation like ACTH

Question 17

Hypercortisolism

Answer 17

Cushing’s (Primary): increased cortisol levels, lose diurnal variation, hyperglycemia, low ACTH, weight gain
Secondary: excessive ACTH production

Question 18

(Nor)Epinephrine Metabolism

Answer 18

Epinephrine -> Metanephrine -> VMA (Vanillylmandelic acid)
Norepinephrine -> normetanephrine -> VMA
Metabolites excreted in urine

Question 19

Pheochromocytoma

Answer 19

Benign tumor that secretes (Nor)epinephrine

Question 20

Neuroblastoma

Answer 20

Malignant tumor producing (nor)epinephrine and dopamine in children
Dopamine becomes HVA (homovanillic acid) found in urine

Question 21

FSH

Answer 21

Follicle Stimulating Hormone, increases estrogen levels and stimulates follicle growth
Feedback to Hypothalamus and Pituitary via negative feedback

Question 22

LH

Answer 22

Produces progesterone and causes ovaries to ovulate

Feedback to Hypothalamus and Pituitary via negative feedback

Question 23

Thyroid Hormones

Answer 23

T4 and T3, stored within follicles, cells around these follicles make calcitonin
Control metabolism

Question 24

Thyroid Axis

Answer 24

Hypothalamus produces TRH to Pituitary which produces TSH

Thyroid hormones feedback negatively to Hypothalamus and Pituitary

Question 25

Hashimotos' Disease

Answer 25

Ab to thyroid hormone: Thyroperoxidase (TPO), Anti-microsomal Ab (TMA), and Thyroglobulin Ab (TGAB)

Question 26

Grave's Disease

Answer 26

Thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin (TSI), attaches to same receptor as TSH and causes unregulated production of thyroid hormone

Question 27

Hypothyroidism (3 Causes)

Answer 27

1. Primary: tissue destruction, removal (TSH up) 2. Secondary: pituitary damage 3. Tertiary: hypothylamic damage

Question 28

Hyperthyroidism

Answer 28

T4 and T3 are increased, TSH is decreased Grave's disease is most common cause of Hyperthyroidism Secondary: Pituitary overproduction Tertiary: Hypothalamic overproduction

Question 29

Screening for Thyroid Disorders

Answer 29

TSH levels primary way | T3 and T4 levels (free levels)

Question 30

Estrogen

Answer 30

Secreted by ovarian follicles and Placenta during pregnancy Estradiol is the principal estrogen made Purpose is to develop and maintain female reproductive system

Question 31

Progesterone

Answer 31

Secreted by ovarian follicles (mainly the corpus luteum following ovulation) and Placenta during pregnancy

Question 32

PTH

Answer 32

Preprohormone with a half-life of less than 5 min. | Regulates calcium and phosphate in the bones/kidney directly and in the intestines through Vit D

Question 33

Hyperparathyroidism

Answer 33

Primary: Tumor or hyperplasia in parathyroid cause high serum Ca Secondary: Vit D deficiency or chronic renal failure