Rapid Review - Classic Presentations (1) Flashcards Preview

First Aid > Rapid Review - Classic Presentations (1) > Flashcards

Flashcards in Rapid Review - Classic Presentations (1) Deck (30)
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1
Q

Abdominal pain, ascites, hepatomegaly

A

Budd-Chiari syndrome (posthepatic venous thrombosis)

2
Q

Achilles tendon xanthoma

A

Familial hypercholesterolemia (decreased LDL receptor signaling)

3
Q

Adrenal hemorrhage, hypotension, DIC

A

Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome (meningococcemia)

4
Q

Anterior “drawer sign” (+)

A

Anterior cruciate ligament injury

5
Q

Arachnodactyly, lens dislocation, aortic dissection, hyperflexible joints

A

Marfan syndrome (fibrillin defect)

6
Q

Athlete with polycythemia

A

2° to erythropoietin injection

7
Q

Back pain, fever, night sweats, weight loss

A

Pott disease (vertebral TB)

8
Q

Bilateral hilar adenopathy, uveitis

A

Sarcoidosis (noncaseating granulomas)

9
Q

Blue sclera

A

Osteogenesis imperfecta (type I collagen defect)

10
Q

Bluish line on gingiva

A

Burton line (lead poisoning)

11
Q

Bone pain, bone enlargement, arthritis

A

Paget disease of bone (increased osteoblastic and osteoclastic activity)

12
Q

Bounding pulses, diastolic heart murmur, head bobbing

A

Aortic regurgitation

13
Q

“Butterfly” facial rash and Raynaud phenomenon in a young female

A

Systemic lupus erythematosus

14
Q

Café-au-lait spots, Lisch nodules (iris hamartoma)

A

Neurofibromatosis type I (+ pheochromocytoma, optic gliomas)

15
Q

Café-au-lait spots, polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, precocious puberty, multiple endocrine abnormalities

A

McCune-Albright syndrome (mosaic G-protein signaling mutation)

16
Q

Calf pseudohypertrophy

A

Muscular dystrophy (most commonly Duchenne): X-linked recessive deletion of dystrophin gene

17
Q

“Cherry-red spots” on macula

A

Tay-Sachs (ganglioside accumulation) or Niemann-Pick (sphingomyelin accumulation), central retinal artery occlusion

18
Q

Chest pain on exertion

A

Angina (stable: with moderate exertion; unstable: with minimal exertion)

19
Q

Chest pain, pericardial effusion/friction rub, persistent fever following MI

A

Dressler syndrome (autoimmune-mediated post-MI fibrinous pericarditis, 1–12 weeks after acute episode)

20
Q

Child uses arms to stand up from squat

A

Gowers sign (Duchenne muscular dystrophy)

21
Q

Child with fever later develops red rash on face that spreads to body

A

“Slapped cheeks” (erythema infectiosum/fifth disease: parvovirus B19)

22
Q

Chorea, dementia, caudate degeneration

A

Huntington disease (autosomal dominant CAG repeat expansion)

23
Q

Chronic exercise intolerance with myalgia, fatigue, painful cramps, myoglobinuria

A

McArdle disease (muscle glycogen phosphorylase deficiency)

24
Q

Cold intolerance

A

Hypothyroidism

25
Q

Conjugate lateral gaze palsy, horizontal diplopia

A

Internuclear ophthalmoplegia (damage to MLF; bilateral [multiple sclerosis], unilateral [stroke])

26
Q

Continuous “machine-like” heart murmur

A

PDA (close with indomethacin; open or maintain with misoprostol)

27
Q

Cutaneous/dermal edema due to connective tissue deposition

A

Myxedema (caused by hypothyroidism, Graves disease [pretibial])

28
Q

Dark purple skin/mouth nodules in a patient with AIDS

A

Kaposi sarcoma, associated with HHV-8

29
Q

Deep, labored breathing/hyperventilation

A

Kussmaul respirations (diabetic ketoacidosis)

30
Q

Dermatitis, dementia, diarrhea

A

Pellagra (niacin [vitamin B3] deficiency)

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