Rapid Review - Key Associations (1)

Question 1

Actinic (solar) keratosis

Answer 1

Precursor to squamous cell carcinoma

Question 2

Acute gastric ulcer associated with CNS injury

Answer 2

Cushing ulcer (increased intracranial pressure stimulates vagal gastric secretion)

Question 3

Acute gastric ulcer associated with severe burns

Answer 3

Curling ulcer (greatly reduced plasma volume results in sloughing of gastric mucosa)

Question 4

Alternating areas of transmural inflammation and normal colon

Answer 4

Skip lesions (Crohn disease)

Question 5

Aneurysm, dissecting

Answer 5

Hypertension

Question 6

Aortic aneurysm, abdominal and descending aorta

Answer 6

Atherosclerosis

Question 7

Aortic aneurysm, arch

Answer 7

3° syphilis (syphilitic aortitis), vasa vasorum destruction

Question 8

Aortic aneurysm, ascending

Answer 8

Marfan syndrome (idiopathic cystic medial degeneration)

Question 9

Atrophy of the mammillary bodies

Answer 9

Wernicke encephalopathy (thiamine deficiency causing ataxia, ophthalmoplegia, and confusion)

Question 10

Autosplenectomy (fibrosis and shrinkage)

Answer 10

Sickle cell anemia (hemoglobin S)

Question 11

Bacteria associated with gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and stomach cancer

Answer 11

H. pylori

Question 12

Bacterial meningitis (adults and elderly)

Answer 12

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Question 13

Bacterial meningitis (newborns and kids)

Answer 13

Group B streptococcus/E.coli (newborns), S. pneumoniae/meningitidis (kids)

Question 14

Benign melanocytic nevus

Answer 14

Spitz nevus (most common in 1st two decades)

Question 15

Bleeding disorder with GpIb deficiency

Answer 15

Bernard-Soulier syndrome (defect in platelet adhesion to von Willebrand factor)

Question 16

Brain tumor (adults)

Answer 16

Supratentorial: metastasis > astrocytoma (including glioblastoma multiforme) > meningioma > schwannoma

Question 17

Brain tumor (kids)

Answer 17

Infratentorial: medulloblastoma (cerebellum) or supratentorial: craniopharyngioma

Question 18

Breast cancer

Answer 18

Infiltrating ductal carcinoma

Question 19

Breast mass

Answer 19

Fibrocystic change, carcinoma (in postmenopausal women)

Question 20

Breast tumor (benign)

Answer 20

Fibroadenoma

Question 21

Cardiac 1° tumor (kids)

Answer 21

Rhabdomyoma, often seen in tuberous sclerosis

Question 22

Cardiac manifestation of lupus

Answer 22

Libman-Sacks endocarditis (nonbacterial, affecting both sides of mitral valve)

Question 23

Cardiac tumor (adults)

Answer 23

Metastasis, 1° myxoma (4:1 left to right atrium; “ball and valve”)

Question 24

Cerebellar tonsillar herniation

Answer 24

Chiari II malformation

Question 25

Chronic arrhythmia

Answer 25

Atrial fibrillation (associated with high risk of emboli)

Question 26

Chronic atrophic gastritis (autoimmune)

Answer 26

Predisposition to gastric carcinoma (can also cause pernicious anemia)

Question 27

Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina

Answer 27

DES exposure in utero

Question 28

Compression fracture

Answer 28

Osteoporosis (type I: postmenopausal woman; type II: elderly man or woman)

Question 29

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, hypotension

Answer 29

21-hydroxylase deficiency

Question 30

Congenital cardiac anomaly

Answer 30

VSD