Reading Notes Flashcards
(29 cards)
content of news affected by three normative orders
political, economic, journalistic
journalistic norm of balance:
aims for neutrality
-present both sides fair and equally
scientific balanced coverage doesn’t always mean
accuracy
-don’t have time to fact-check what they don’t know about
balanced coverage on global warming can be a form of
informational bias
when we say bias we are referring to
equates bias with
informational bias
distortion
what newspapers did they study
NYT, wall street journal, washington post, los angeles times
why did they pick time from 1988 to 2002
nasa scientist james hansen testified to US about anthropogenic gases in earths atmosphere
- margaret thatcher warned about global warming
- major heat wave and drought in North america bringing awareness to global warming
who wrote most environmental stories
who wrote least
nYT
wall street journal
We foundthat in the majority (52.65%) of coverage
in the US prestige press
giving equal coverage
balanced accounts prevailed
- idea that humans contribute to global warming and that natural fluctuations do
journalistic balance
can often lead to a form of
informational bias
during 1988 to 1989 they contributed anthropogenic increases to humans mirroring scientific discourse, why?
Bush was running for president - used it on campaign trail
However, by time of first IPCC report it shifted to ?
why
balanced coverage
politicization of the global warming issue
Clear message that global warming was something ?
two conferences
how did prestige press show this
urgent
geneva
and earth summit (UNFCCC)
-balanced accounts which ranged from calling it a cautious and urgent to voluntary to mandatory
no regrets policy
evidence is not clear so no action should be taken
framing:
semantic roles, relations between roles, and relations to other frames.
Moreover, many frame-circuits have direct connections to the
emotional regions
of the brain
, the repetition of ideological
language will strengthen
there are limited possibilities for
negating a frame just
the circuits for that ideology in a hearer’s brain.
changing frames
activates the frame
real reason is mostly
facts must make sense in terms of
many people caught in enlightenment way of thinking about mind
unconscious
frames
-that people are rational and just need to give them facts
people either dont have ? or have the ?
right frames have not even been
the frames built up to understand the “real issue” / the wrong frames
figured out
ideas working against environmentalism in politics
- man above nature in moral hierarchy
- let the market decide ideology
- conservatives think in more direct rather than systematic causation
- present day market fundamentalism assumes greed is good (CBA)
- Equivalent value metaphor
- viewing liberals negatively
progressive moral system
values:
leads us to see
The progressive moral system rejects / and sees government
as necessary for?
need to activate ? and inhibit? in views about environment
this can be done via
empathy, responsibility
(personal and social), and the ethic of excellence
inherent value in natural world
market fundamentalism/improving environmental conditions (contradictory)
progressive/conservative
language and experience
hypocognition is the lack of
sufferinf from hypocognititon in terms of the environment because
ideas we need
-environment tied up with other issues
environment frame sees us as
environmental action: what can we do? number one thing that is missing
separate from nature, which we are not
-political action
economic and ecological meltdowns have the
what do we do to issues
same cause
localize them - not good they are global issues
