Respiration

Question 1

What is the word and chemical equation for respiration?

Answer 1

glucose + oxygen —> carbon dioxide + water (+energy)

C₆H₁₂0₆ + 60₂ —> 6C0₂ + 6H₂O (+ ATP energy)

Question 2

Write a short description of how the experiment works and how it demonstrates C0₂ production. (Soda lime absorbs carbon dioxide. An aspirator is a suction pump)

Answer 2

If there is C0₂ at A the soda lime absorbs it. This is proven at B as the limewater would not turn cloudy indicating the C0₂ had been absorbed at A.

No carbon dioxide enters C but the germinating seeds give out C0₂. This is proven at D as the lime water would turn cloudy.

Question 3

Write a short description of how the experiment works and how it demonstrated energy release.

Answer 3

Germinating seeds are alive, boiled seeds are dead

They produce carbon dioxide when alive

The apparatus is left for a couple of days and then the temprature of each flask is measured

The germinating seeds have a temprature of 24⁰ - thermal energy has been increased, respiration has occured

The boiled seeds are still 21⁰, they must be used to prove that they do not respire. They are used to compare

Question 4

which cells would you expect to have a lot of mitochondria

Answer 4

muscle or nerve cells

they use a lot of energy

Question 5

what does a mitochondrion look like?

Answer 5

Question 6

Where are the enzymes involved in respiration attached to on a mitachondria

Answer 6

to the inner membrane of the mitochondria

Question 7

How is the membrane on a mitachondrion adapted so that the rate of respiration is high?

Answer 7

the inner membrane is folded so it then has a large surface area which allows for more enzymes to be attached so there is more respiration

Question 8

does the breathing rate increase or decrease after exercise?

Answer 8

increase

Question 9

does the depth of breaths increase or decrease after exercise?

Answer 9

increase

Question 10

does the heart rate increase or decrease after exercise?

Answer 10

increase

Question 11

what increases after doing exercise?

Answer 11

breathing rate

depth of breath

heart rate

body temprature

Question 12

does the body temprature increase or decrease after exercise?

Answer 12

increase

Question 13

Why does the breathing rate, depth of breath, heart rate and body temprature increase during exercise?

Answer 13

more energy for muscle contraction

you need more oxygen for the muscle cells to respire

need to get rid of C0₂

Question 14

why does heart rate change during exercise?

Answer 14

the heart needs to pump more oxygen and glucose to the muscles for respiration

more energy for mucle (heart contraction)

oxygenated blood pumped around the body

Question 15

what happens to the amount of blood pumped out by the heart after taking regular exercise over a period of time?

Answer 15

increases

Question 16

what happens to the heart volume after taking regular exercise over a period of time?

Answer 16

increases

Question 17

what happens to the breathing rate by the heart after taking regular exercise over a period of time?

Answer 17

decreases

Question 18

what happens to the pulse rate after taking regular exercise over a period of time?

Answer 18

decreases

Question 19

What decreases after taking regular exersise over a period of time

Answer 19

breathing rate

pulse rate

Question 20

What increases after taking regular exersise over a period of time

Answer 20

heart volume

amount of blood pumped out by the heart

Question 21

Why do breathing and pulse rates drop after taking regular exercise over a period of time?

Answer 21

the person is fitter so their lungs and hearts have expanded so they require less breath and their pulse rates don’t need to be so fast

Question 22

What affects do you feel after holding your hand up high and clenching your fist fifty times?

Answer 22

fatigue (muscle fatigue) - lactic acid is changing the pH levels in enzymes so they enzymes can’t work as well

tiredness

achy

Question 23

what is the word and chemical equation for anaerobic respiration?

Answer 23

glucose —> lactic acid + energy

C₆H₁₂O₆ —> 2C₃H₆O₃+ 2 ATP

(don’t need to know numbers of ATP)

Question 24

when you finish exercise do you start to respire anaerobically or aerobically?

Answer 24

aerobically

Question 25

what happens when you stop exercising?

Answer 25

you breath more deeply trying to get more oxygen so that your muscles can have more ATP energy lactic acid + oxygen ---\> carbon dioxide + water + 17 ATP energy aerobic respiration begins immediately after you stop exercising

Question 26

what is the difference between anaerobic and aerobic?

Answer 26

anaerobic = muslces respire - no oxygen aerobic = oxygen is present

Question 27

what is oxygen debt?

Answer 27

the volume of oxygen needed to completely oxidise the lactic acid that builds up in the body during anaerobic respiration

Question 28

when is oxygen debt repaid?

Answer 28

when all of the lactic acid has been metabolised (broken down) completely repaid at 18 mins of the diagram starts to be repaid at 7 mins on the diagram (immediately after exercise)

Question 29

what is the word and chemical equation for anaerobic respiration in yeast?

Answer 29

glucose ---\> carbon dioxide + ethanol + energy C₆H₁₂0₆ ---\> 2C0₂ + 2C₂H₅OH + 2ATP (don't need to know ATP numbers)

Question 30

what does C0₂ do to the bread?

Answer 30

makes the holes in the bread

Question 31

what happens to the enzymes when making bread?

Answer 31

they become denatured in the oven due to high tempratures

Question 32

what happens to the alcohol when making bread?

Answer 32

it is burnt off

Question 33

what is the importance of yeast's respiration when making bread?

Answer 33

C0₂ makes the bread rise and also creates air pcokets in the bread

Question 34

what is the importance of yeast's respiration when making beer and wine?

Answer 34

if you starve yeast of oxygen (anaerobic) then it will produce alcohol

Question 35

what is a substrate?

Answer 35

a substance on which enzymes act

Question 36

explain how starch provides the sugar C₆H₁₂O₆

Answer 36

starch breaks down to form maltose/maltase

Question 37

energy is ...... in respiration

Answer 37

released

Question 38

which protein is oxygen attached to?

Answer 38

haemoglobin

Question 39

how does oxygen move from the blood to the body?

Answer 39

it diffuses

Question 40

estimate how much water is made during respiration by a person in a day

Answer 40

1 litre

Question 41

name a process that germinating seeds require energy for respiration to do

Answer 41

protein synthesis enzyme synthesis (e.g. amylase) DNA synthesis; active transport mitosis

Question 42

what do boiling seeds do and how do they do this?

Answer 42

kills enzymes by denaturing them

Question 43

name the organelle where aerobic respiration takes place roughly sketch one of these organelles

Answer 43

mitochondrion

Question 44

is carbon dioxide given off in anaerobic respiration and why?

Answer 44

no glucose is converted into lactic acid so there is no carbon left to make carbon dioxide

Question 45

why do muscle cells 'prefer' to use aerobic respiration?

Answer 45

more energy is released

Question 46

do a marathon runner or a sprint runner's muscles repsire mostly anaerobically when running? why?

Answer 46

sprint runner he is repsiring anaerobically at a very fast rate the marathon runner must do more aerobic respiration over a period of time

Question 47

what is anerobic respiration in yeast used for?

Answer 47

carbon dioxide for air pockets in bread and to cause bread to rise alcohol

Question 48

what does it mean if a protein is denatured?

Answer 48

it's structure and function is altered this can be caused by heat, pH levels or chemical agents