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Biology > Respiration > Flashcards

Respiration Flashcards

1
Q

What is the word and chemical equation for respiration?

A

glucose + oxygen —> carbon dioxide + water (+energy)

C6H1206 + 602 —> 6C02 + 6H2O (+ ATP energy)

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2
Q

Write a short description of how the experiment works and how it demonstrates C02 production. (Soda lime absorbs carbon dioxide. An aspirator is a suction pump)

A

If there is C02 at A the soda lime absorbs it. This is proven at B as the limewater would not turn cloudy indicating the C02 had been absorbed at A.

No carbon dioxide enters C but the germinating seeds give out C02. This is proven at D as the lime water would turn cloudy.

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3
Q

Write a short description of how the experiment works and how it demonstrated energy release.

A

Germinating seeds are alive, boiled seeds are dead

They produce carbon dioxide when alive

The apparatus is left for a couple of days and then the temprature of each flask is measured

The germinating seeds have a temprature of 240 - thermal energy has been increased, respiration has occured

The boiled seeds are still 210, they must be used to prove that they do not respire. They are used to compare

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4
Q

which cells would you expect to have a lot of mitochondria

A

muscle or nerve cells

they use a lot of energy

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5
Q

what does a mitochondrion look like?

A
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6
Q

Where are the enzymes involved in respiration attached to on a mitachondria

A

to the inner membrane of the mitochondria

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7
Q

How is the membrane on a mitachondrion adapted so that the rate of respiration is high?

A

the inner membrane is folded so it then has a large surface area which allows for more enzymes to be attached so there is more respiration

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8
Q

does the breathing rate increase or decrease after exercise?

A

increase

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9
Q

does the depth of breaths increase or decrease after exercise?

A

increase

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10
Q

does the heart rate increase or decrease after exercise?

A

increase

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11
Q

what increases after doing exercise?

A

breathing rate

depth of breath

heart rate

body temprature

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12
Q

does the body temprature increase or decrease after exercise?

A

increase

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13
Q

Why does the breathing rate, depth of breath, heart rate and body temprature increase during exercise?

A

more energy for muscle contraction

you need more oxygen for the muscle cells to respire

need to get rid of C02

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14
Q

why does heart rate change during exercise?

A

the heart needs to pump more oxygen and glucose to the muscles for respiration

more energy for mucle (heart contraction)

oxygenated blood pumped around the body

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15
Q

what happens to the amount of blood pumped out by the heart after taking regular exercise over a period of time?

A

increases

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16
Q

what happens to the heart volume after taking regular exercise over a period of time?

A

increases

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17
Q

what happens to the breathing rate by the heart after taking regular exercise over a period of time?

A

decreases

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18
Q

what happens to the pulse rate after taking regular exercise over a period of time?

A

decreases

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19
Q

What decreases after taking regular exersise over a period of time

A

breathing rate

pulse rate

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20
Q

What increases after taking regular exersise over a period of time

A

heart volume

amount of blood pumped out by the heart

21
Q

Why do breathing and pulse rates drop after taking regular exercise over a period of time?

A

the person is fitter so their lungs and hearts have expanded so they require less breath and their pulse rates don’t need to be so fast

22
Q

What affects do you feel after holding your hand up high and clenching your fist fifty times?

A

fatigue (muscle fatigue) - lactic acid is changing the pH levels in enzymes so they enzymes can’t work as well

tiredness

achy

23
Q

what is the word and chemical equation for anaerobic respiration?

A

glucose —> lactic acid + energy

C6H12O6 —> 2C3H6O3+ 2 ATP

(don’t need to know numbers of ATP)

24
Q

when you finish exercise do you start to respire anaerobically or aerobically?

A

aerobically

25
Q

what happens when you stop exercising?

A

you breath more deeply trying to get more oxygen so that your muscles can have more ATP energy

lactic acid + oxygen —> carbon dioxide + water + 17 ATP energy

aerobic respiration begins immediately after you stop exercising

26
Q

what is the difference between anaerobic and aerobic?

A

anaerobic = muslces respire - no oxygen

aerobic = oxygen is present

27
Q

what is oxygen debt?

A

the volume of oxygen needed to completely oxidise the lactic acid that builds up in the body during anaerobic respiration

28
Q

when is oxygen debt repaid?

A

when all of the lactic acid has been metabolised (broken down)

completely repaid at 18 mins of the diagram

starts to be repaid at 7 mins on the diagram (immediately after exercise)

29
Q

what is the word and chemical equation for anaerobic respiration in yeast?

A

glucose —> carbon dioxide + ethanol + energy

C6H1206 —> 2C02 + 2C2H5OH + 2ATP

(don’t need to know ATP numbers)

30
Q

what does C02 do to the bread?

A

makes the holes in the bread

31
Q

what happens to the enzymes when making bread?

A

they become denatured in the oven due to high tempratures

32
Q

what happens to the alcohol when making bread?

A

it is burnt off

33
Q

what is the importance of yeast’s respiration when making bread?

A

C02 makes the bread rise and also creates air pcokets in the bread

34
Q

what is the importance of yeast’s respiration when making beer and wine?

A

if you starve yeast of oxygen (anaerobic) then it will produce alcohol

35
Q

what is a substrate?

A

a substance on which enzymes act

36
Q

explain how starch provides the sugar C6H12O6

A

starch breaks down to form maltose/maltase

37
Q

energy is …… in respiration

A

released

38
Q

which protein is oxygen attached to?

A

haemoglobin

39
Q

how does oxygen move from the blood to the body?

A

it diffuses

40
Q

estimate how much water is made during respiration by a person in a day

A

1 litre

41
Q

name a process that germinating seeds require energy for respiration to do

A

protein synthesis

enzyme synthesis (e.g. amylase)

DNA synthesis; active transport

mitosis

42
Q

what do boiling seeds do and how do they do this?

A

kills enzymes by denaturing them

43
Q

name the organelle where aerobic respiration takes place

roughly sketch one of these organelles

A

mitochondrion

44
Q

is carbon dioxide given off in anaerobic respiration and why?

A

no

glucose is converted into lactic acid so there is no carbon left to make carbon dioxide

45
Q

why do muscle cells ‘prefer’ to use aerobic respiration?

A

more energy is released

46
Q

do a marathon runner or a sprint runner’s muscles repsire mostly anaerobically when running?

why?

A

sprint runner

he is repsiring anaerobically at a very fast rate

the marathon runner must do more aerobic respiration over a period of time

47
Q

what is anerobic respiration in yeast used for?

A

carbon dioxide for air pockets in bread and to cause bread to rise

alcohol

48
Q

what does it mean if a protein is denatured?

A

it’s structure and function is altered

this can be caused by heat, pH levels or chemical agents

Biology (24 decks)

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