semester 2: L1 - Respiratory system anatomy and pathology Flashcards Preview

1st Year: Physiology and Anatomy > semester 2: L1 - Respiratory system anatomy and pathology > Flashcards

Flashcards in semester 2: L1 - Respiratory system anatomy and pathology Deck (16)
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1
Q

what’s the function fo the respiratory system?

A

Provide large surface area for gas exchange
Lungs & circulation evolved to overcome problems of diffusion - they work together to supply O2 and remove CO2
Acid-base balance
Speech, singing, coughing, sighing, clarinet etc

2
Q

what is diffusion?

A

high to low concentration

3
Q

How long does it take to diffuse across a synapse (0.1 um)?

A

5 us

4
Q

How long does it take to diffuse across a cell (10 um)?

A

50 ms

5
Q

How long does it take to diffuse across a small gap (1cm)?

A

13 hours

6
Q

what’s involved in the human respiratory system?

A
nasal passage 
oral cavity 
pharynx 
larynx 
trachea
bronchi 
lung 
heart 
ribs
7
Q

what does the upper airway do?

A

filter out dust from the air and acts as a heat exchanger warming the air as it enters the lungs

8
Q

whats the nasal turbinates?

A

bones that help to circulate air within the nasal cavity to help with filtering/heating and humidifying

9
Q

what’s the voice box include?

A

Epiglottis and Larynx

10
Q

what are the conducting airways?

A

Tracheobronchial tree

11
Q

what is the respiratory tract lined with?

A

mucus covered ciliary epithelium

12
Q

what does the cilia beat do?

A

allowed mucus to be carried up removing attached particles

13
Q

what impairs ciliary beating?

A

cigarette smoke

14
Q

how many alveoli are their?

A

300

15
Q

How big is alveoli?

A

approx 250 µm diameter

16
Q

what does the alveoli contain?

A

type I alveolar

type II alveolar (secretory) alveolar macrophage capillary endothelium