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1st Year: Physiology and Anatomy > Lecture 2: Building blocks of behaviour > Flashcards

Lecture 2: Building blocks of behaviour Flashcards

1
Q

what do nerves do ?

A

Bring information to and form the CNS

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2
Q

what is a sea squirt?

A

filter feeder at the bottom of the ocean

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3
Q

what does a sea squirt begin life as?

A

tadpole

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4
Q

what happens during the maturation of a sea squirt?

A
  1. attaches to a rock
  2. digests its own brain
  3. stays for the rest of its life
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5
Q

what are the 5 stages in mallows hierarchy of needs?

A 
physiological 
safety 
love/belonging
esteem
self actualisation
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6
Q

how many lobes does the Brian have ?

A

4 lobes

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7
Q

what are the lobes of the brain ?

A

Frontal
Parietal
Occipital
Temporal

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8
Q

what does the frontal lobe do?

A

involved in planning and organisation

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9
Q

what does the parietal lobe do?

A

involved in sensation and touch

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10
Q

what does the occipital lobe focus on?

A

vision

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11
Q

what is the temporal lobe important for controlling ?

A

memory and auditory processing

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12
Q

do most mammals have similar brain structure?

A

yes

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13
Q

what are the transmitters on a nerve cell?

A

Axons

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14
Q

what are the branches son axons known as ?

A

Axon collaterals

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15
Q

what is the cell body of a neurone called?

A

soma

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16
Q

what are dendrites from the soma called?

A

basal dendrites

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17
Q

what are apical dendrites?

A

radiate from a long tuft

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18
Q

what is a cytoskeleton formed form ?

A

microtubules, neurofilaments and microfilaments

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19
Q

what’s the key function of microtubules?

A

provide structure and transport materials inside the neurone.

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20
Q

what shape are microtubules?

A

large hallow tubes

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21
Q

what size are microtubules ?

A

20nm

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22
Q

what is anterograde axoplasmic transport?

A

soma to the terminal

23
Q

what protein is used in anterograde axoplasmic transport?

A

kinesin

24
Q

what is retrograde axoplasmic transport?

A

terminal to soma

25
Q

what protein is used in retrograde axoplasmic transport?

A

dynein

26
Q

which type of axoplasmic transport is faster?

A

anterograde

27
Q

How big are neruofilaments?

A

10nm

28
Q

why are neruofilaments strong?

A

due to their coiled structure

29
Q

How big are mcirofilaments?

A

5nm

30
Q

what are mcirofilaments made from?

A

actin

31
Q

what do microfilament contribute too?

A

fluidity of neurones

32
Q

what are some facts about axons?

A

long, vary in diameter, no rough ER or ribosomes, ends at axon terminal, membranes have different proteins

33
Q

where do axons end?

A

presynaptic terminal

34
Q

neurotransmitters are packed into….

A

synaptic vesicles

35
Q

how are vesicles discharged?

A

exocytosis

36
Q

what do postsynaptic receptors do?

A

bind neurotransitters

37
Q

what are the membrane of dendrites filled with?

A

receptors

38
Q

do all dendrites have spines?

A

some

39
Q

what are the three configurations of neurones ?

A

multipolar, bipolar unipolar

40
Q

where are neurotransmitters made?

A

in the axon terminal

41
Q

how do sensory neurones convey information?

A

process endings in the skin muscles and sensory organs detect stimuli from the environment and in the body, they connect to other neurones conveying information to the CNS.

42
Q

what are the junctions of motor Neurones known as?

A

motor end plates

43
Q

what are two neurones classified by morphology??

A

stellate neurones and pyramidal neurones

44
Q

what shape are stellate neurones?

A

star

45
Q

how did pyramidal neurones gain their name?

A

soma is shaped like a tiny pyramid

46
Q

name 5 type sof glia

A 
astrocytes
oligodendrocytes 
Schwann cells 
microglia 
radial glia
47
Q

when are glia cells important?

A

during early Brian development

48
Q

what do astrocytes do?

A

maintain homeostasis

49
Q

how do astrocytes maintain homeostasis?

A
  • pride structural suport
  • provide nutrients
  • regulate ions and molecules in extracellular fluid
  • help form the blood brain barrier
50
Q

what do oligodendrocytes do?

A

insulate axos in myelin sheath in the CNS

51
Q

what do Schwann cells do?

A

found in the PNS do the same as oligodendrocytes

52
Q

what are nodes of ranvier?

A

unmylenated segments of axon

53
Q

what are microglia?

A

immune cells of the CNS

54
Q

how are radial glia involved in brain developemnt?

A

helps neurones migrate t new locations by providing processes

1st Year: Physiology and Anatomy (28 decks)

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