Lecture 9: Cerebellum

Question 1

what is the cerebellum?

Answer 1

associative learning machine.

Question 2

what is the cerebellum in control of?

Answer 2

control of posture, fine movement, motor learning and balance.

Question 3

what functions may the cerebellum have?

Answer 3

cognitive and emotional

Question 4

what sections can the cerebellum be divided into?

Answer 4

vermis, paravermis and hemispheres

Question 5

what are the three lobes the cerebellum can be divided into?

Answer 5

anterior, posterior and flocculonodular

Question 6

what does the cerebellum cortex contain?

Answer 6

transverse folds known as folia.

Question 7

what has more folia humans or mice?

Answer 7

humans

Question 8

what is the cerebellum attached too?

Answer 8

Brian stem, midbrain, pons and the medulla

Question 9

How does the cerebellum attach to the brain stem?

Answer 9

via the cerebellar peduncles

Question 10

How does the cerebellum attach to the mid brain?

Answer 10

connected by the superior peduncle

Question 11

How does the cerebellum attach to the pons?

Answer 11

via the middle peduncle

Question 12

How does the cerebellum attach to the medulla?

Answer 12

via the inferior peduncle

Question 13

How many pairs of deep cerebellar nuclei are there in the white matter?

Answer 13

4

Question 14

what are the 4 deep cerebellar nucleis?

Answer 14

dentate nucleus
interposed nucleus
fastigial nucleus
vestibular nuclei

Question 15

what nucleus is associated with the hemisphere and what does it do ?

Answer 15

dentate nucleus -

projects to the red nucleus
and motor cortex via the thalamus for motor planning

Question 16

what nucleus is associated with the paravermis and what does it do ?

Answer 16

interposed nucleus

Motor nuclei and descending tracts for motor control

Question 17

what nucleus is associated with the vermis and what does it do ?

Answer 17

fastigal nucleus

Motor nuclei and descending tracts for motor control

Question 18

what does the vestibular nuclei do?

Answer 18

Control of balance and eye movements

Question 19

who theorised the function of the cerebellum and when?

Answer 19

marr- 1969

Albus - 1971

Question 20

what do purkinje cells receive?

Answer 20

sensori-motor information and a learning signal.

Question 21

what can purkinje ells do?

Answer 21

adapt motor responses appropriately.

Question 22

what do PC receive excitatory input from?

Answer 22

parallel fibres and climbing fibre

Question 23

what do PC receive inhibitory input from?

Answer 23

molecular Laye ritnerneurons

Question 24

what constitute the sole output of the cerebellar cortex?

Answer 24

PC

Question 25

what do PC cells target?

Answer 25

deep cerebellar nuclei and vestibular nuclei.

Question 26

what kind of output do PC cells have?

Answer 26

inhibitory

Question 27

How many GrC inputs can PC cells sample?

Answer 27

150,00

Question 28

what information do mossy fibres carry, how does this affect PC’s?

Answer 28

sensori-motor information, can excite or inhibit PC

Question 29

How are inputs to PC cells modulated?

Answer 29

synaptic plasticity

Question 30

how is plasticity regulated?

Answer 30

via Climbing fibre input

Question 31

slide 15

Answer 31

research

Question 32

what can cerebellar lesions lead too?

Answer 32

loss of posture

Question 33

what does a unilateral cerebellar hemispheric lesion cause?

Answer 33

ipsilateral incoordination of the arm and leg.

Question 34

what can damage to the cerebellum lead too?

Answer 34

slurring, loss of coordination, unsteady gait and nystagmus.

Question 35

what is Ataxia ?

Answer 35

Lack of voluntary coordination of muscles including gait abnormality.

Question 36

what causes Ataxia?

Answer 36

cerebellar damage/dysfunction as a result of lesion, stroke or degeneration.

Question 37

what symptoms does ataxia have?

Answer 37

vary depending on damaged area

Question 38

what is the cerebellum comprised of?

Answer 38

cerebellar cortex and deep cerebellar nuclei