SUPER MEGA STUDY GUIDE Flashcards
(31 cards)
Losartan (I)
Angiotensin II - receptor blocker that is for the treatment of…
- HTN alone or in combination therapy.
- Diabetic nephropathy with an elevated serum creatinine and proteinuria in PT with type 2 diabetes and HTN.
Losartan (A)
Selectively blocks the binding of AT-II to specific tissue receptors found in the vascular smooth muscle and adrenal glands.
Blocks the vasoconstriction and release of aldosterone associated with the renin-angiotensin-system.
CI: Women use condoms pls.
Diltiazem (I - A)
Antihypertensive agent.
Calcium Channel Blocker
I: HTN in the extended release form.
A: Inhibits the movement of calcium ions across the membranes of cardiac and arterial muscle cells, depressing the impulse and leading to slowed conduction, decreasing myocardial contractility, and dilation of arterioles, lowing BP and lowering myocardial oxygen consumption.
Metoprolol (I)
Beta Blocker
Treatment of…
- Stable angina pectoris
- Prevention of reinfarction in MI pt’s
- stable, symptomatic HF
- HTN
Metoprolol (A)
Competitively blocks beta receptors in the heart and kidneys, decreasing the influence of the sympathetic nervous system on these tissues and the excitability of the heart; decreases cardiac output which results in a lowered blood pressure and decreased cardiac workload.
Diltiazem (I)
Antianginal
Indications: Treatment of…
- Prinzmetal angina
- Effort-associated angina
- Chronic stable angina
- Essential HTN
- Paroxysmal SVT
Diltiazem (A)
Antianginal
Inhibits the movement of Ca across the membranes of myocardial and arterial muscle cells, altering action potential and blocking muscle cell contraction, which depresses myocardial contractility.
Dilates arteries, causing fall in BP and decrease in venous return; workload of heart; oxygen consumption; relieves vasospasm of coronary artery, increasing blood flow to the muscle cells (prinzmetal angina)
Heparin (I)
Anticoagulant
Prevention and treatment of venous thrombosis and pulmonary emboli; treatment of atrial fibrillation with embolization; diagnosis and treatment of disseminated intravascular coagulation; prevention of clotting in blood samples and heparin lock sets.
Heparin (A)
Inhibits thrombus and clot production by blocking the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin and fibrinogen to fibrin
antagonist: protamine
check PTT
Warfarin (Coumadin)
~Stronger Heparin~
Treatment of patients with AF, artificial heart valves, or valvular damage that makes PT susceptible to thrombus and embolus formation;
prevention and treatment of VTE, pulmonary embolus, and systemic emboli after MI
antagonist: vit. K
check: PT/INR
Aspirin (I - A)
Antiplatelet Agent
Reduction of risk of recurrent transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) or strokes in men with history of TIA due to fibrin or platelet emboli ; reduction of death or nonfatal MI in patients with a history of infarction or unstable angina; MI prophylaxis; also used for its inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic effects.
A: Inhibits platelet aggregation by inhibiting platelet synthesis of thromboxane A2
Digoxin (I)
Cardioglycoside for the treatment of…
- HF
- Atrial Fibrillation
Digoxin (A)
Increases intracellular Ca+ and allows more Ca to enter the myocardial cell during depolarization causing a positive inotropic effect.
Increased Renal perfusion with a diuretic effect and decreased renin release, a negative chronotropic effect (slower HR), slowed conduction through the AV node.
Metformin (I)
Antidiabetic Agent
Adj. to diet and exercise for the treatment of type 2 diabetics older than 10 years of age;
XR form for PT older than 17;
polycystic ovary syndrome
Metformin (A)
May increase the peripheral use of glucose,
increase production of insulin, decrease hepatic glucose production, and alter intestinal absorption of glucose
Diltiazem (I - A)
Class IV Antiarrhythmic Agent
Ca Channel Blocker
Indications: Treatment of…
- Paraoxysmal SVT
- A. Fib
- Atrial flutter
A: Blocks movement of Ca across the cell membrane, depressing the generation of action potentials slowing conduction of AV node.
Propanolol (I)
Beta Blocker (Class II AA Agent)
Indications: Treatment of…
- Cardiac arrhythmias
- Especially SVT
- Treatment of ventricular tachycardia induced by digitalis or catecholamines.
Propanolol (A)
- Competitively blocks beta-adrenergic receptors in the heart and kidney, has a membrane-stabilizing effect, and decreases the influence of the sympathetic nervous system.
Don’t mix with insulin, hypoglycemia happens.
Viagra
I: Treatment of erectile dysfunction in the presence of sexual stimulation, treatment of pulmonary artery hypertension.
A: Inhibits phosphodiesterase type 5 receptors, leading to a release of nitrous oxide, which activates cyclic guanosine monophosphate to cause a prolonged smooth muscle relaxation, allowing the flow of blood into the corpus cavernosum and facilitating erection.
Prednisone (I)
Glucocorticoid
Replacement therapy in adrenal cortical insufficiency
short term management of various inflammatory and allergic disorders
hypercalcemia ass. with cancer
hematological disorders
they give the body a chance to heal from the effects of inflammation
Prednisone (A)
Enters target cells and binds to intracellular corticosteroid receptors, initiating many complex reactions responsible for its antinflammatory and immunosuppressive effects.
Hyper vs. Hypo Thyroidism
Hypothyroidism is a lack of sufficient levels of thyroid hormones to maintain normal metabolism.
Hyperthyroidism occurs when excessive amount of thyroid hormones are produced and released into circulation.
Hypo vs. Hyper Glycemic
Hyper: high blood sugar
symptoms: fatigue, lethargy, irritation, glycosuria, polyphagia, itchyskin. Fruity breath, sloow deep respirations.
Hypo: blood flucose
NSAIDS vs. Aspirin vs. Acetaminophen
NSAIDS - For arthritic pain
Aspirin - Prevent strokes and MI
Aceta - Symptoms of Flu and Cold
