Term 1 - Lecture 2

Question 1

What does the name Hebe mean?

Answer 1

Youth

Question 2

How did Hesiod learn how to sing?

Answer 2

The muses inspired him with a divine voice… this gives Hesiod authority to sing his song

Question 3

Who competed for the patronage of Athens? Who won?

Answer 3

Athena and Poseidon - Poseidon gave a spring of water, but lost because it was salty. Athena gave an olive tree.

Question 4

What does the name “Aphrodite” mean?

Answer 4

Sprung from the foam. She was born from Ouranos’ genitals which made foam in the sea

Question 5

What generation are the Titans?

Answer 5

Second

Question 6

What does Hephaistos do as his job?

Answer 6

He makes things for the gods, he is a worker. The rest of the gods have aristocratic functions.

Question 7

What is thrown up first by Kronos?

Answer 7

The stone

Question 8

Who are the offspring of Zeus and Eurynome?

Answer 8

Graces

Question 9

Who were the Giants born from?

Answer 9

Ouranos’ genital blood

Question 10

Who did Gaia produce asexually?

Answer 10

Ouranos (night, lying flat on top of her), the mountains, and the ocean

Question 11

Before there were any gods, what was there?

Answer 11

Just chaos/chasm = meaning empty space in this context

Question 12

Who did Hera give birth to asexually?

Answer 12

Hephaistos, the lame god. Ugly and deformed. Significant because Hera tried to outsmart Zeus but it didn’t work.

Question 13

How did Rheia trick Kronos and save Zeus?

Answer 13

She wraps a rock in swaddling clothes after Zeus is born and hidden on Crete. The stone is swallowed by Kronos in Zeus’ place

Question 14

What is the significance of Zeus swallowing Athena?

Answer 14

He is taking female intelligence inside of him… no longer just strength

Question 15

Who was Herakles the son of?

Answer 15

Zeus and Alkmene

Question 16

How many times did Hesiod invoke the muses?

Answer 16

3x

Question 17

Where was Zeus raised?

Answer 17

On Crete in a cave

Question 18

Who is the offspring of Metis and Zeus?

Answer 18

Athena. Zeus swallowed Metis and gave birth to Athena out of his head. She has cunning intelligence. Male outsmarts female for the first time

Question 19

What was the Titanomacy, what happened?

Answer 19

The battle with Zeus/Olympians and the Titans. The hundred handed ones helped. Zeus imprisoned them in Tartaros.

Question 20

What does Ouranos do to prevent himself from being overthrown by one of his offspring?

Answer 20

He shoves them all in his body

Question 21

Who did Zeus free first as he began establishing his rule?

Answer 21

The 3 hundred handed ones and the 3 cyclopes, imprisoned in Gaia by Ouranos

Question 22

Why was the stone known as the omphalos?

Answer 22

Because omphalos means “centre”, the stone at Delphi became the centre/hub of the universe

Question 23

What is a cosmogony?

Answer 23

A birth of world-order

Question 24

Who helped Zeus give birth to Athena?

Answer 24

Hephaistos

Question 25

Who is the offspring of Zeus and Leto?

Answer 25

Twins Apollo and Artemis

Question 26

Who becomes subordinate to Aphrodite upon her birth?

Answer 26

Eros - the two of them become lovers

Question 27

Who are the offspring of Gaia and Ouranos?

Answer 27

The 12 Titans, the 3 cyclopes, and the 3 hundred handed ones

Question 28

Which 3 gods were there after chasm?

Answer 28

Gaia (earth), Tartarus (underworld depths), and Eros (desire - gives an explanation for creation of other things)

Question 29

What generation are the Olympians? (Hestia, Hera, Hades, Poseidon, Demeter, Zeus)

Answer 29

Third generation, but first generation Olympians

Question 30

In oral epic song, what is the meter?

Answer 30

Diactylic hexameter, with 6 dactyls, long short short in each line

Question 31

What happened to the Zeus stone after Kronos threw it up?

Answer 31

It was placed at Pytho/Delphi, known as the omphalos

Question 32

How does Kronos try to suppress being overthrown by his children?

Answer 32

He swallows them (he swallows Hestia first)

Question 33

What type of tradition does Hesiod's theogony reflect?

Answer 33

Oral epic tradition

Question 34

Who was born from the castration of Ouranos? (3)

Answer 34

1. Furies (blood) 2. Giants (blood) 3. Aphrodite (genitals)

Question 35

Who is the offspring of Zeus and Maia?

Answer 35

Hermes

Question 36

Who makes Zeus' lightning bolts? Why?

Answer 36

The cyclopes, because Zeus rescued them from inside Gaia

Question 37

Who are the children of Kronos and Rheia?

Answer 37

1. Hestia (first-born) 2. Hera 3. Demeter 4. Poseidon 5. Hades 6. Zeus (last-born)

Question 38

Where is Hesiod from?

Answer 38

Boeotia, which means cowland

Question 39

Who is the first and last born?

Answer 39

Hestia - first to be born, last to be thrown up by Kronos

Question 40

What is the symbolism behind Aphrodite being born of male genitals?

Answer 40

It relates females to violence, right off the bat

Question 41

What was the first act of violence ever?

Answer 41

Kronos castrating Ouranos

Question 42

Who are the children of Hera (sister) and Zeus?

Answer 42

Ares, Hebe, Eileithyia

Question 43

What did the Ancient Greeks think about the universe?

Answer 43

Flat like a dinner plate, where everyone lives is a reflection of their status

Question 44

What is the trick that Gaia plays on Ouranos?

Answer 44

She creates flint and uses it to make a sickle, Kronos, the youngest Titan also hates his father. Gaia gives him the sickle. When Ouranos comes to make love with Gaia, Kronos castrates his father and flings them.

Question 45

Who marries Hebe?

Answer 45

Herakles - becomes immortal through apotheosis, wins "YOUTH" which is what Hebe means.

Question 46

Who are the muses?

Answer 46

Daughters of Zeus and Mnemosyn (authority + memory), Zeus mingled in love for 9 nights, producing 9 muses --\> goddesses

Question 47

What influence was on the Theogony?

Answer 47

A Near-Eastern influence

Question 48

Which god do the muses favour?

Answer 48

Apollo

Question 49

What natural disaster was Typhoios said to have caused?

Answer 49

The eruption of Mt. Etna in Sicily

Question 50

How does Zeus trick his father?

Answer 50

He tricks him into vomiting up the stone and all of Zeus' siblings

Question 51

What is an epithet an example of?

Answer 51

A formulaic expression

Question 52

What does theogony mean?

Answer 52

Birth of the gods

Question 53

Who were the Furies born from?

Answer 53

Ouranos' genital blood

Question 54

Who are the 4th generation Olympians?

Answer 54

1. Athena 2. Persephone 3. Apollo 4. Artemis 5. Ares 6. Hephaistos 7. Hermes 8. Dionysus

Question 55

Who is Kronos' lover?

Answer 55

Rheia

Question 56

Who are the offspring of Zeus and Themis?

Answer 56

The seasons, justice, fates

Question 57

Where do the muses live?

Answer 57

Mt. Helikon

Question 58

What was the Typhonomachy, what happened?

Answer 58

The battle with Typhoios, the worst god. Dragon heads - Zeus defeated him by shooting lightning bolts at his head.

Question 59

Who is the offspring of Zeus and Demeter?

Answer 59

Persephone

Question 60

Who is the offspring of Zeus and Semele? Why was it significant?

Answer 60

Dionysus - Semele was a mortal, who gave birth to the divine Dionysus. Dionysus was actually born from the thigh of Zeus

Question 61

Who is the theogony an elaborate hymn to?

Answer 61

Zeus

Question 62

What did Zeus do to establish his rule?

Answer 62

1. Free cyclopes and hundred handed ones from Gaia (uncles) 2. Punished Prometheus and glorified Herakles 3. Titanomachy 4. Typhonomachy 5. Distributes roles and privileges

Question 63

What does Metis mean?

Answer 63

Cunning intelligence

Question 64

Who wrote works and days, and the theogony? When?

Answer 64

Hesiod - 700 BCE

Question 65

What instrument do the muses play?

Answer 65

The lyre