Text A Chemistry 2.1 Chemical Names And Formulas Flashcards
(148 cards)
1
Q
What is the common name for dihydrogen monoxide?
A
Water
2
Q
What is the common name for sodium chloride?
A
Salt
3
Q
What is the common name for sucrose?
A
Sugar
4
Q
What does the name ‘saltpetre’ refer to?
A
A salty-tasting chemical found crusted on rocks
5
Q
What is the chemical composition of limestone?
A
Calcium carbonate, CaCO3, is the main chemical among others
6
Q
What are the common names for calcium carbonate?
A
- Chalk
- Calcite
Limestone
What is Limestone? Limestone is a sedimentary rock primarily composed of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) in the form of the mineral calcite. It forms in a variety of ways, often as a result of. the accumulation of shells, coral, and other marine debris.
7
Q
What is the common name for sodium hydrogen carbonate?
A
Baking soda
8
Q
What is the function of baking soda in refrigerators?
A
To prevent odours by absorbing moisture and odour-causing molecules
9
Q
What is the common name for solid carbon dioxide?
A
Dry ice
10
Q
What happens to dry ice under normal conditions?
A
It sublimes to form gaseous carbon dioxide
11
Q
Fill in the blank: A chemical name should describe the _______ of a substance.
A
[composition]
12
Q
True or False: Common names provide detailed information about a substance.
A
False
13
Q
Why do chemists need a naming system for substances?
A
To identify substances clearly and communicate results effectively
14
Q
What organization maintains the international system for naming chemicals?
A
International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC)
Founded in 1919, IUPAC has developed systematic methods for naming chemicals.
15
Q
What is the purpose of a systematic name in chemistry?
A
It describes the composition of a pure substance and allows the writing of its chemical formula and prediction of properties.
16
Q
What is the systematic name for saltpetre?
A
Potassium nitrate (KNO)
This name identifies it as an ionic compound containing potassium and nitrate ions.
17
Q
What defines a binary compound?
A
A compound made up of two elements.
18
Q
Provide an example of a binary compound.
A
Sodium chloride (NaCl)
Another example is nitrogen dioxide (NO2).
19
Q
Are compounds with more than two elements considered binary compounds?
A
No.
20
Q
What suffix do the names of binary compounds typically end with?
A
-ide
21
Q
What is the first rule for naming binary molecular compounds?
A
The first element in the name and formula is usually the one that is farther to the left on the periodic table.
22
Q
How is the name of the second element modified in binary compounds?
A
The suffix ‘-ide’ is attached to the name of the second element.
23
Q
When is the prefix ‘mono’ used in naming binary molecular compounds?
A
Only for the second element.
24
Q
What happens to the ‘o’ in the prefix when the second element is oxygen?
A
It is dropped, making it ‘monoxide’ instead of ‘monooxide’.
25
What do prefixes indicate in binary molecular compounds?
How many atoms of each type are present in one molecule of the compound.
26
List the first three prefixes used in naming binary molecular compounds.
* mono-
* di-
* tri-
27
What is the systematic name for a compound with one carbon atom and two oxygen atoms?
Carbon dioxide.
28
True or False: Before standardization, a single compound could have multiple names.
True.
29
What was sulfur dioxide (SO2) also known as before chemical names were standardized?
Vitriolic acid air and sulfurous gas.
30
What is the number represented by the prefix 'deca-'?
10
31
What does the prefix 'hepta-' represent?
7
32
Fill in the blank: Compounds that contain atoms of more than two elements are _______.
not binary compounds.
33
What is car exhaust a mixture of?
Carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide
## Footnote
Carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO2) are harmful gases produced by combustion.
34
What comes first in the name and formula for carbon monoxide?
Carbon
## Footnote
Carbon is to the left of oxygen in the periodic table.
35
What is the systematic name for the formula NO?
Nitrogen monoxide
## Footnote
NO is a pollutant from vehicle exhaust.
36
What is the common name for N2O?
Nitrous oxide
## Footnote
N2O is also known as laughing gas.
37
What is the formula for dinitrogen tetraoxide?
N2O4
## Footnote
N2O4 is a brown gas used in rocket fuels.
38
What suffix is attached to the name of the non-metal in a binary ionic compound?
-ide
## Footnote
This indicates that the non-metal is named as an ion.
39
What is the first element in the name and formula of a binary ionic compound?
The metal
## Footnote
The metal is always listed first in ionic compounds.
40
What does the chemical formula of an ionic compound represent?
The simplest whole number ratio of each type of ion
## Footnote
For example, CaF2 indicates two fluoride ions for every calcium ion.
41
True or False: The formulas of ionic compounds represent individual molecules.
False
## Footnote
Ionic compounds form crystal lattices, so their formulas represent the smallest repeating unit.
42
What is the formula for sulfur tetrafluoride?
SF4
## Footnote
SF4 is a compound that is a deep blue liquid.
43
Write the formula for sulfur difluoride.
SO2
## Footnote
SO2 is a molecular compound.
44
What is the name of the compound formed from lithium and fluorine?
Lithium fluoride
## Footnote
The compound is formed by ionic bonding.
45
What is the systematic name for the formula CO?
Carbon monoxide
## Footnote
CO is known to be a pollutant.
46
What is the common name for N2O5?
Dinitrogen pentaoxide
## Footnote
N2O5 is used in the manufacture of nitric acid.
47
What is the name for the compound with the formula SF6?
Sulfur hexafluoride
## Footnote
SF6 is used in various industrial applications.
48
Fill in the blank: The first element in a binary ionic compound is the _______.
metal
## Footnote
The naming convention starts with the metal.
49
What are formula units in ionic compounds?
The smallest repeating unit within the lattice
## Footnote
Formula units help describe the structure of ionic compounds.
50
Write the name for the following molecular compound: PCl5.
Phosphorus pentachloride
## Footnote
PCl5 is a molecular compound with five chlorine atoms.
51
What do the names of ionic compounds not contain?
Prefixes
52
How is the formula for an ionic compound determined?
By deducing the number of each type of ion in a formula unit
53
What is the overall charge of an ionic compound?
Zero
54
What must the total positive charge on cations equal?
The total negative charge on anions
55
What is the charge of a calcium cation in an ionic compound?
2+
56
What is the charge of a fluoride anion?
1-
57
What is the formula for calcium fluoride?
CaF2
58
What does the total charge of +2 + [2X(-1)] equal for calcium fluoride?
0
59
What are the small lowered numbers in chemical formulas called?
Subscripts
60
What do subscripts indicate in a chemical formula?
The number of particles of a particular element
61
Fill in the blank: The prefix 'sub-' means _______.
below
62
What type of compound is formed from a metal and a non-metal?
Ionic compound
63
What is the charge of the barium ion in barium bromide?
2+
64
What is the formula for sodium fluoride?
NaF
65
What is the formula for magnesium sulfide?
MgS
66
What is the formula for potassium nitride?
K3N
67
What is the formula for aluminium oxide?
Al2O3
68
What is the charge of the magnesium ion in magnesium fluoride?
2+
69
What is the charge of the aluminium ion in aluminium chloride?
3+
70
What can some elements, particularly transition metals, form?
More than one ion
## Footnote
Transition metals are found in groups 3 to 12 on the periodic table.
71
Which cations can nickel form?
Ni²⁺ and Ni⁺
## Footnote
Nickel is an example of a transition metal that can form multiple cations.
72
What is the charge of the chloride anion?
1-
## Footnote
Chloride is a common anion in ionic compounds.
73
In the compound CuCl₂, what is the charge of the copper cation?
2+
## Footnote
The copper ion must balance the charge of two chloride ions.
74
What is the Stock system used for?
To distinguish between cations of metals that can form more than one type of cation
## Footnote
The Stock system includes Roman numerals to indicate the charge.
75
What does the Roman numeral indicate in the Stock system?
The charge on the cation
## Footnote
For example, Cu²⁺ is called copper(II) and Cu⁺ is called copper(I).
76
True or False: Sodium forms more than one type of cation.
False
## Footnote
Sodium only forms one type of cation: Na⁺.
77
Fill in the blank: The first ten Roman numerals are I, II, III, IV, V, VI, ______, VIII, IX, and X.
VII
## Footnote
These numerals are used in the Stock system for naming cations.
78
What is the charge of the iron cation in FeCl₂?
2+
## Footnote
The charge can be determined by balancing with the chloride anion.
79
Determine the charge of the cation in SnBr₄.
4+
## Footnote
The charge of the tin cation can be derived from the bromide ions.
80
What is the cation charge in the compound FeO?
2+
## Footnote
Iron must balance with the oxide anion, which has a charge of 2-.
81
Determine the charge of the cation in Fe₃O₄.
2+ and 3+
## Footnote
This compound contains both Fe²⁺ and Fe³⁺ ions.
82
What is the charge of the cation in FeBr₃?
3+
## Footnote
The iron cation balances with three bromide ions.
83
What is the chemical formula for copper(I) oxide?
CuO
## Footnote
The formula is derived from combining one copper(I) cation (Cu) and one oxide anion (O) to maintain electrical neutrality.
84
What must be true for a compound to be electrically neutral?
The total charge on the cations must equal the total charge on the anions.
## Footnote
This is confirmed by checking the charges; for CuO, +2 (from Cu) + (-2 from O) = 0.
85
What is the formula for cobalt(I) chloride?
CoCl2
## Footnote
Cobalt(I) corresponds to Co2+ and chloride is Cl-.
86
What is the formula for chromium(III) oxide?
Cr2O3
## Footnote
Chromium(III) indicates Cr3+, and oxide is O2-.
87
What is the cation in SnO?
Sn2+
## Footnote
Tin in this compound is in the +2 oxidation state.
88
What is the classical naming convention for transition metal cations?
Based on Latin names with suffixes '-ic' for higher charge and '-ous' for lower charge.
## Footnote
For example, ferrum becomes ferric (Fe3+) and ferrous (Fe2+).
89
What is the Latin name for copper?
Cuprum
## Footnote
This is used in classical naming conventions.
90
What is the Latin name for lead?
Plumbum
## Footnote
This is relevant for naming lead cations.
91
What is the formula for molybdenum(VI) chloride?
MoCl6
## Footnote
Molybdenum(VI) indicates Mo6+.
92
What is the formula for lead(IV) oxide?
PbO2
## Footnote
Lead(IV) indicates Pb4+.
93
What is the formula for titanium(IV) chloride?
TiCl4
## Footnote
Titanium(IV) indicates Ti4+.
94
What is the formula for palladium(II) oxide?
PdO
## Footnote
Palladium(II) indicates Pd2+.
95
Fill in the blank: The most common cation for mercury is _______.
Hg2+
## Footnote
This is important when determining the formula for compounds containing mercury.
96
What is the recommended formula for an ionic compound containing lead and bromine?
PbBr2
## Footnote
Lead typically forms a +2 ion when combined with bromine.
97
True or False: The classical system for naming compounds is still widely used today.
True
## Footnote
It is often compared with the Stock system for naming.
98
What are polyatomic ions?
Ions that consist of one or more different atoms joined by covalent bonds, having an overall positive or negative charge.
99
Give an example of a polyatomic ion.
Nitrate ion, NO3-.
100
What is the net charge of the nitrate polyatomic ion?
I-.
101
Many common polyatomic ions have names ending in _______.
ate.
102
How are compounds containing polyatomic ions classified?
As ionic compounds.
103
What is the naming convention for ionic compounds with polyatomic ions?
Use the name of the cation followed by the name of the anion.
104
What is the name of NH4NO3?
Ammonium nitrate.
105
When writing formulas, what must be used around polyatomic ions when more than one is present?
Parentheses.
106
What is the formula for aluminium nitrate?
Al(NO3)3.
107
What does the formula (NH4)2S represent?
Ammonium sulfide.
108
How many ammonium ions are present in (NH4)2S?
Two.
109
What is the name of CuCO3?
Copper(I) carbonate.
110
What are the two possible ions of copper mentioned?
Cu+ and Cu2+.
111
What charge does the carbonate ion have?
2-.
112
What is the formula for sodium sulfate?
Na2SO4.
113
Why is sodium sulfate classified as an ionic substance?
It is made up of different ions.
114
What type of bonding occurs between sulfur and oxygen in the sulfate ion?
Covalent bonding.
115
Fill in the blank: Compounds with polyatomic ions contain both _______ and covalent bonds.
ionic.
116
What happens to sodium sulfate when it dissolves in water?
It conducts electricity.
117
What must be true for a compound to be electrically neutral?
The total charge of the ions must equal zero.
118
What is the formula for the pernitrate anion?
NO4
119
What is the formula for the nitrate anion?
NO3
120
What is the formula for the nitrite anion?
NO2
121
What is the formula for the hyponitrite anion?
NO
122
What do nitrate and nitrite anions have in common?
They contain the same elements and have the same charge.
123
What do sulfate and sulfite anions have in common?
They contain the same elements and have the same charge.
124
What does the ending '-ate' signify in an anion name?
It serves as a reference point for naming related anions.
125
What is the name of an anion that has one less oxygen atom than the reference '-ate' anion?
'-ite'
126
What is the name of an anion that has two less oxygen atoms than the reference '-ate' anion?
'hypo-'-ite'
127
What is the name of an anion that has one more oxygen atom than the reference '-ate' anion?
'per-' + 'ate'
128
The anion sulfate has the formula SO4. What is the formula and charge of the sulfite anion?
SO3
129
The anion chlorate has the formula ClO3. What is the formula and charge of the hypochlorite anion?
ClO
130
The anion iodate has the formula IO3. What is the formula and charge of the periodiate anion?
IO4
131
How many chemicals were recorded by the Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) by mid-August 2002?
20,124,413 different compounds
## Footnote
CAS adds about 4000 new substances per day.
132
What is the correct name for the molecular compound HCl?
hydrogen chloride
## Footnote
It is not hydrogen monochloride.
133
What is the correct name for the molecular compound H2S?
hydrogen sulfide
## Footnote
It is not dihydrogen monosulfide.
134
What type of compounds have naming rules that differ when containing hydrogen and carbon?
Compounds such as ethane (C2H6) or ethanol (C2H5OH)
## Footnote
These will be covered in later science courses.
135
What do binary molecular compounds contain?
Two non-metal elements.
136
What is the prefix omitted when naming the first element in a binary molecular compound?
mono-
137
What does the formula CO2 represent?
A molecule containing one carbon atom and two oxygen atoms.
138
What are the two forms of water mentioned?
Ice (solid form) and water vapor (gaseous form).
139
What is ammonia's formula?
NH3
140
What is the formula for methane?
CH4
141
What is methanol commonly known as?
wood alcohol
## Footnote
It is used as a disinfectant, in antifreeze, and as a paint thinner.
142
What do binary ionic compounds contain?
One metallic element and one non-metallic element.
143
How is the metallic element in a binary ionic compound named?
First in the name.
144
How is the name of the non-metallic element in a binary ionic compound modified?
Changed to '-ide'.
145
What system is used to name cations with more than one possible charge?
The Stock system.
146
What must the total charge of anions and cations in ionic compounds equal?
Zero.
147
What do you need to refer to for names and charges of polyatomic ions?
The periodic table.
148
How should a polyatomic ion be treated in an ionic compound?
As a unit.
