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1. Science 10 > Text D Energy 11.1 Climate And Biomes > Flashcards

Text D Energy 11.1 Climate And Biomes Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the primary factor that causes Earth to be heated unevenly?

A

The shape of Earth

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2
Q

What natural phenomenon causes the seasons on Earth?

A

The tilt of Earth on its axis since the tilt stays the same but the earth rotates around the sun making the hemisphere experience a tilt towards the sun in summer and away from the sun in winter.

The Earth is actually closer to the sun during the winter of the northern hemisphere.

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3
Q

What redistributes thermal energy around the globe?

A

Air and ocean currents

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4
Q

What will be examined in relation to climate in this chapter?

A

Forms of plant and animal life that thrive in various climates

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5
Q

How does altitude affect climate?

A

Climate on a mountain will be cooler than at sea level at the same latitude

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6
Q

What is a critical element in defining a climate?

A

Temperature

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7
Q

What primarily determines the temperature of a region?

A

The amount of thermal energy reaching the ground

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8
Q

What happens to temperature as altitude increases?

A

Temperature drops about 4.5°C with every kilometer increase in altitude

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9
Q

What causes cooling when a mass of air moves toward a mountain range?

A

Air is forced up the mountain, causing a decrease in pressure and expansion

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10
Q

What is the effect of cool air at high altitudes on vegetation?

A

It affects the plants that grow there

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11
Q

Fill in the blank: Climate can be described using terms such as ______, cool, temperate, dry, or polar.

A

[tropical]

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12
Q

True or False: Solar energy warms the air directly.

A

False

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13
Q

What visual cues can indicate weather conditions when looking at Earth from space?

A

Apparent movements of air by the shape of the clouds

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14
Q

What is the general effect of altitude on temperature?

A

Higher altitude results in lower temperatures

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15
Q

What does the expansion of air due to decreasing pressure cause?

A

Cooling

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16
Q

In which national park might you see an elk grazing near the forest?

A

Banff National Park in Alberta

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17
Q

What is humidity?

A

The amount of water vapour in the air, usually reported as percent humidity.

Percent humidity is the percentage of the maximum amount of water vapour that the air can hold at a specific temperature.

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18
Q

How does temperature affect water vapour in the air?

A

At higher temperatures, more water molecules have enough kinetic energy to exist as a gas than at lower temperatures.

This means that the total amount of water vapour in the air increases with temperature.

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19
Q

What happens to organisms when humidity is low?

A

Organisms can dry out and die.

For example, many trees in southern Alberta die in winter due to low humidity from warm, dry chinook winds.

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20
Q

What is the dew point temperature?

A

The temperature at which water condenses and begins to fall as rain or snow.

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21
Q

What is precipitation?

A

The amount of water that condenses and falls in the form of rain, snow, sleet, and hail.

Precipitation is recorded in millimetres of liquid water.

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22
Q

How do temperature differences affect precipitation patterns?

A

In areas where solar energy heats the ground, the air warms, expands, and rises, leading to condensation and precipitation.

Water from the ground, plants, ponds, or lakes evaporates into the warm air.

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23
Q

Can rain forests exist outside the equator?

A

Yes, rain forests can exist in the temperate zone.

For example, regions near 60°N experience rising moist air that generates frequent rain.

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24
Q

What is orographic precipitation?

A

Precipitation that adds moisture on the coast due to rising air.

This is particularly evident in regions like British Columbia.

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25
What happens to air in regions of falling air?
The cool upper air warms as it descends, increasing its capacity for water vapour and decreasing percent humidity.
26
Where are hot deserts typically found?
In tropical zones where air is descending. ## Footnote Examples include the Sonora Desert and the Sahara Desert.
27
What is the annual precipitation in some regions of the Pacific Coast temperate rain forest in British Columbia?
Typically more than 3200 mm (over 3 m) per year.
28
What is a climatograph?
A graphical representation of climate data for a specific region and time period ## Footnote Climatographs compare the climates of different regions.
29
What types of climate data are included in a climatograph?
Average monthly temperature and total monthly precipitation ## Footnote Data is usually averaged over 30 years.
30
In what units is temperature recorded in climatographs?
Degrees Celsius (°C) ## Footnote This is the standard unit for temperature in climatographic data.
31
In what units is precipitation recorded in climatographs?
Millimetres of rain (mm) ## Footnote Snowfall is converted to rain for this measurement.
32
How is snowfall converted to rain in climatographs?
10 mm of snow is equivalent to 1 mm of rain ## Footnote This conversion is used for accurate precipitation data.
33
What does the horizontal axis of a climatograph represent?
The months of the year ## Footnote Typically begins in January and ends in December.
34
What does the left vertical axis of a climatograph represent?
Precipitation ## Footnote It shows total precipitation for the month in mm.
35
What does the right vertical axis of a climatograph represent?
Temperature ## Footnote It shows average daily temperature in °C.
36
What does the bar graph in a climatograph display?
The average monthly rainfall ## Footnote Use the left hand scale for precipitation amounts.
37
What does the line graph in a climatograph display?
The average monthly temperature ## Footnote Use the right hand scale for temperature values.
38
What is the average monthly temperature for Calgary in January?
10 °C ## Footnote This is part of the climate data for Calgary, AB.
39
What is the total precipitation for Calgary in July?
70 mm ## Footnote This value is part of the climatographic data.
40
Fill in the blank: The climatograph for Calgary shows the average temperature for December as _______.
3 °C ## Footnote This is based on the average monthly temperature data.
41
True or False: The climatograph for Calgary includes both temperature and precipitation data.
True ## Footnote Both types of data are essential for understanding the climate.
42
What is a biome?
A major geographic region with similar environmental conditions and life forms. ## Footnote It is the largest geographical biotic unit.
43
What is the biosphere?
A relatively thin layer on Earth's surface that contains biomes and ecosystems. ## Footnote It is much too large to study as a whole.
44
What tool do scientists use to define smaller components of the biosphere?
Climatographs. ## Footnote They help identify regions with similar climates.
45
What is an ecosystem?
A community of living organisms that interact with each other and with the non-living environment. ## Footnote An example includes earthworms interacting with soil.
46
What is a habitat?
The place where an organism lives or is usually found. ## Footnote Examples include a bird's nest or the feathers of a bird for certain mites.
47
What are the two dominant types of biomes in the biosphere?
Freshwater and ocean (aquatic) biomes. ## Footnote This response focuses on terrestrial biomes in the following content.
48
What determines the vegetation in a biome?
The climate of that region. ## Footnote For example, a warm, arid climate can lead to desert vegetation.
49
How many distinct terrestrial biomes do some scientists recognize?
10 distinct terrestrial biomes. ## Footnote Others may divide it into 16 or more categories.
50
What are examples of terrestrial biomes?
* Grassland * Desert * Tundra * Taiga * Deciduous forest * Tropical rainforest ## Footnote These biomes have characteristic microorganisms, fungi, and animals adapted to their environments.
51
Fill in the blank: The habitat of an organism could be the physical environment, such as a bird's nest at the edge of a _______.
pond.
52
True or False: The taiga is characterized by coniferous evergreen forests.
True.
53
What do deciduous forests contain?
Trees that lose their leaves in the fall and grow new ones each spring. ## Footnote This adaptation is crucial for survival in seasonal climates.
54
What climate encourages the growth of a forest?
A warm, moist climate. ## Footnote This type of climate supports forest-dwelling plants.
55
What is the term used to describe oceans and fresh water?
Aquatic biome ## Footnote The aquatic biome constitutes over 75 percent of the biosphere.
56
What is a major source of oxygen for the world?
Marine algae ## Footnote Marine algae also consume large amounts of CO2 from the atmosphere.
57
List three types of aquatic biomes.
* Rivers * Lakes * Coral reefs
58
What is the reason many widely separated regions have similar biomes?
Climate ## Footnote Patterns of climate result in similar biome distributions over the Earth's surface.
59
What type of forest forms a circumpolar band across Canada, northern Europe, and Asia?
Northern boreal forest
60
What is the dominant vegetation type found in coniferous forests of North America?
Coniferous trees ## Footnote Different species may exist, such as red spruce in the east and black spruce in the west.
61
Fill in the blank: _______ forests are characterized by cone-bearing trees.
Coniferous
62
What type of biome is characterized by stunted vegetation with very small leaves?
Desert ## Footnote These plants often have extensive root systems that can reach deep into the ground for water.
63
Which continents are known to have deserts?
Most continents ## Footnote Cactus plants are specifically found in North and South American deserts.
64
What is a characteristic feature of vegetation found in many deserts?
Extensive root systems ## Footnote These root systems can penetrate as far as 50 m into the ground in search of water.
65
True or False: Aquatic biomes include only oceans and lakes.
False ## Footnote Aquatic biomes also include rivers, estuaries, intertidal zones, coral reefs, oceanic pelagic zones, and abyssal zones.
66
What is the term used to describe oceans and fresh water?
Aquatic biome ## Footnote The aquatic biome constitutes over 75 percent of the biosphere.
67
What is a major source of oxygen for the world?
Marine algae ## Footnote Marine algae also consume large amounts of CO2 from the atmosphere.
68
List three types of aquatic biomes.
* Rivers * Lakes * Coral reefs
69
What is the reason many widely separated regions have similar biomes?
Climate ## Footnote Patterns of climate result in similar biome distributions over the Earth's surface.
70
What type of forest forms a circumpolar band across Canada, northern Europe, and Asia?
Northern boreal forest
71
What is the dominant vegetation type found in coniferous forests of North America?
Coniferous trees ## Footnote Different species may exist, such as red spruce in the east and black spruce in the west.
72
Fill in the blank: _______ forests are characterized by cone-bearing trees.
Coniferous
73
What type of biome is characterized by stunted vegetation with very small leaves?
Desert ## Footnote These plants often have extensive root systems that can reach deep into the ground for water.
74
Which continents are known to have deserts?
Most continents ## Footnote Cactus plants are specifically found in North and South American deserts.
75
What is a characteristic feature of vegetation found in many deserts?
Extensive root systems ## Footnote These root systems can penetrate as far as 50 m into the ground in search of water.
76
True or False: Aquatic biomes include only oceans and lakes.
False ## Footnote Aquatic biomes also include rivers, estuaries, intertidal zones, coral reefs, oceanic pelagic zones, and abyssal zones.

1. Science 10 (44 decks)

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