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1. Science 10 > Unit D Energy Flow in Global Systems: Section 1.0 > Flashcards

Unit D Energy Flow in Global Systems: Section 1.0 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Biosphere?

A

A relatively thin layer of Earth that has conditions for supporting life

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2
Q

What are the 3 components of the Biosphere?

A
  • Atmosphere
  • Lithosphere
  • Hydrosphere
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3
Q

What atmosphere?

A

The layer of gasses that surround Earth

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4
Q

What is the Lithosphere?

A

The solid portion of the Earth

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5
Q

What is the Lithosphere composed of?

A
  • Rocks
  • Minerals
  • Elements
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6
Q

What is the Hydrosphere?

A

All the water on earth present in any state

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7
Q

Where are living things found in the Biosphere?

A

All parts of the Biosphere

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8
Q

What are environmental conditions created by?

A

By the interactions between the components and the incoming energy from the sun

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9
Q

How high does the atmosphere rise from the surface of the earth?

A

500 Km

Some texts say 800 km so check this

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10
Q

What is the most abundant gas in the atmosphere?

A

Nitrogen (78%)

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11
Q

What is the second most abundant gas in the atmosphere?

A

Oxygen (21%)

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12
Q

Is water vapour a part of the hydrosphere or the atmosphere?

A

Hydrosphere

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13
Q

What is atmospheric dust?

A

Suspended particulate matter in the atmosphere

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14
Q

What can atmospheric dust contain?

A
  • Non-living particles
  • Living particles
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15
Q

What are the “other gasses” in the atmosphere?

A
  • Argon
  • Carbon dioxide
  • Neon
  • Helium
  • Methane
  • Krypton
  • Nitrous oxide is there due to pollution
  • water vapor

(Nitrogen and oxygen make up most of the atmosphere but were on a different card and so are not listed here)

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16
Q

What is Nitrogen required for?

A

Plant Growth

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17
Q

How do bacteria and Nitrogen interact?

A

Bacteria converts nitrogen gas into nitrogen compounds that can be taken up by plants

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18
Q

What does nitrogen do in the atmosphere?

A

Help control the amount of combustion that takes place because nitrogen gas does not support combustion

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19
Q

How many layers does the earth’s atmosphere have?

A

4

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20
Q

How are the layers of the Earth’s atmosphere determined?

A

By average air temperature

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21
Q

What is altitude?

A

The distance above earth’s surface measured from sea level

22
Q

What are the 4 layers of the atmosphere from the earth?

A
  • Troposphere (0 to 10 km, -60 C to 15 C)
  • Stratosphere
  • Mesosphere
  • Thermosphere
23
Q

How high is the Troposphere from the earth?

A

0 km to 10 km

24
Q

What is the average temperature of the Troposphere?

A

-60 C to 15 C

25
Q

As you move away from Earth in the troposphere, what happens to the temperature?

A

The temperature decreases

26
Q

What percentage of atmospheric gasses does the Troposphere contain?

A

80%

27
Q

What is different about the Troposphere?

A

-It is the only layer of earth’s atmosphere with a temperature range and concentration of oxygen that can support many living organisms

28
Q

Which layer of the atmosphere contains the most atmospheric dust?

A

Original card says Lithosphere but this is likely wrong.

Lithosphere is not the atmosphere so change this card. Could be troposphere since that is the closest layer of atmosphere to the Earth.

29
Q

How high is the Stratosphere from the Earth’s surface?

A

10 km to 50 km

30
Q

What is the temperature of the Stratosphere?

A

-60 C at the bottom to 0 C at the top

31
Q

Which Atmospheric layer contains ozone?

A

Stratosphere

32
Q

Why does the stratosphere increase in temperature with altitude?

A

Because the ozone that is in this layer of the atmosphere absorbs energy from the sun’s rays

33
Q

What does the ozone do?

A

Protects living organisms from high-energy radiation

34
Q

What is the temperature of the Mesosphere?

A

0 C at the bottom -100 C at the top

35
Q

What is the Thermosphere?

A

The farthest layer from the earth’s surface

36
Q

Which layer of the Atmosphere has the least amount of gas?

A

The Thermosphere

37
Q

What is the temperature of the Thermosphere?

A

-100 to 1500

38
Q

What does the Lithosphere float on?

A

The semi-fluid portion of the upper mantle

39
Q

How deep is the Lithosphere?

A

It goes 100 km to as much as 200 km below Earth’s surface

40
Q

What is the Lithosphere warmed by?

A

The sun

41
Q

What percentage of water is salt water?

A

97%

42
Q

What percentage of water is freshwater?

A

3%

43
Q

What does fresh water include?

A

Water in lakes, streams, and frozen water

44
Q

How do organisms in the Lithosphere depend on the Hydrosphere?

A

The living organisms need water to survive

45
Q

How is the Hydrosphere warmed?

A

By the sunlight

46
Q

How does the Hydrosphere play a role in the Atmosphere?

A

Water vapour takes part in cloud formation

47
Q

What is Inversion? (Context = temperature of atmosphere layers)

A

The inversion of normal temperatures decreasing with altitude

E.g. stratosphere warms as you leave Earth since ozone layer keeps it warmer.

48
Q

What is an adaptation?

A

Any change in an organs structure that makes it more suited for its environment

49
Q

What is climate change?

A

The change that occurs in a region’s climate over time

50
Q

What is anecdotal evidence?

A

Biased reports from people about weather and events

51
Q

What is scientific evidence?

A

Evidence that is collected in a matter that is reliable and unbiased

1. Science 10 (13 decks)

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