Text C Biology 9.1 Specialized And Organized

Question 1

What is the main function of chloroplasts in plant cells?

Answer 1

Photosynthesis

Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll which traps light energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen.

Question 2

In single-celled organisms, what must one cell be able to do?

Answer 2

Perform all the functions of life

Each organelle within the cell carries out specific activities to meet the cell’s needs.

Question 3

What is cell specialization?

Answer 3

The process where groups of specialized cells perform specific tasks

This occurs in multicellular organisms, allowing different cells to meet the needs of the organism.

Question 4

Name three types of specialized cells in the body.

Answer 4

• Muscle cells
• Nerve cells
• Skin cells

These cells have specific structures that allow them to perform their functions efficiently.

Question 5

How do plants typically obtain water and minerals?

Answer 5

Through their roots

This process is essential for their survival and growth.

Question 6

What happens to some plants in winter regarding their leaves?

Answer 6

They lose their leaves

This adaptation helps them conserve water during harsh conditions.

Question 7

What is the biochemical process powered by light energy in plants?

Answer 7

Photosynthesis

This process combines carbon dioxide and water to produce glucose and oxygen.

Question 8

What is created as a by-product during photosynthesis?

Answer 8

Oxygen gas

This gas is essential for both plants and animals.

Question 9

Fill in the blank: The process by which plants convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose using light energy is called _______.

Answer 9

photosynthesis

Question 10

How does the structure of leaf cells affect their function?

Answer 10

Specific structures enable leaf cells to perform specialized activities

The arrangement and types of organelles in these cells support their roles in photosynthesis.

Question 11

What role does chlorophyll play in photosynthesis?

Answer 11

It traps light energy

Chlorophyll is a pigment molecule found in chloroplasts.

Question 12

What is the function of the epidermis in a plant’s leaf?

Answer 12

The epidermis protects the inner tissues of the leaf

Question 13

What are epidermal cells?

Answer 13

Flat cells arranged in a tightly knit sheet that is one cell layer thick

Question 14

What is the cuticle?

Answer 14

A waxy substance that coats epidermal cells to prevent water evaporation

Question 15

Do epidermal cells contain chloroplasts?

Answer 15

No, they do not have chloroplasts

Question 16

What is the primary characteristic of spongy tissue cells?

Answer 16

They contain chloroplasts and carry out photosynthesis

Question 17

Where are spongy tissue cells located in the leaf?

Answer 17

Just below the palisade tissue cells

Question 18

What is the structure of spongy tissue cells?

Answer 18

Round and loosely packed with many air spaces between them

Question 19

What is the role of stomata in leaves?

Answer 19

Allow gases in and out of the leaf

Question 20

What gas enters the leaf through the stomata?

Answer 20

Carbon dioxide

Question 21

What do guard cells do?

Answer 21

Regulate the size of the stomata

Question 22

What is the shape of palisade tissue cells?

Answer 22

Long and narrow, like columns

Question 23

Where is most of the leaf’s photosynthesis carried out?

Answer 23

In the palisade tissue cells

Question 24

What two types of vascular tissue are present in leaves?

Answer 24

Xylem and phloem

Question 25

What does xylem transport?

Answer 25

Water and minerals from the roots to the leaves

Question 26

What does phloem carry?

Answer 26

Sugars produced by the leaves to various parts of the plant

Question 27

What are vascular bundles?

Answer 27

Arrangements of xylem and phloem tissues in the leaves

Question 28

Fill in the blank: The word 'stoma' comes from the Greek word 'stoma' meaning _______.

Answer 28

mouth

Question 29

True or False: Stomata are primarily located on the upper side of the leaf.

Answer 29

False

Question 30

What are the advantages of being a multicellular organism?

Answer 30

Multicellular organisms can have: * a larger size * a variety of specialized cells * an ability to thrive in a broader range of environments ## Footnote These advantages allow multicellular organisms to occupy various ecological niches.

Question 31

What new demand does multicellularity create?

Answer 31

Organization ## Footnote A high degree of organization is necessary for the coordinated functioning of numerous cells.

Question 32

What is the estimated number of cells in the human body?

Answer 32

100 trillion cells ## Footnote This vast number of cells highlights the complexity of multicellular life.

Question 33

What are the levels of organization in multicellular organisms?

Answer 33

Cells, tissues, organs, and systems ## Footnote Cells are the most basic unit, while systems are the most complex.

Question 34

What is a cell?

Answer 34

The most basic unit of organization in organisms ## Footnote Cells perform various functions and contain specialized organelles.

Question 35

What are organs made of?

Answer 35

Multiple tissues arranged in combination ## Footnote An example of an organ is the heart, which contains muscle, nerve, and connective tissues.

Question 36

Give an example of a plant organ.

Answer 36

Roots, stems, and leaves ## Footnote Plant organs work together to perform specific functions essential for survival.

Question 37

What is a tissue?

Answer 37

Cells that are similar to each other clustered together ## Footnote Tissues share the same structure and function.

Question 38

What is vascular tissue?

Answer 38

Tissue formed from bundles of vascular tissue cells ## Footnote Vascular tissue is crucial for the transport of water and nutrients in plants.

Question 39

What is the role of systems in multicellular organisms?

Answer 39

Organs and tissues perform a shared complex function ## Footnote For example, the digestive system includes teeth, tongue, stomach, and intestines.

Question 40

Fill in the blank: The _______ system in plants carries water to all of the plant's tissues.

Answer 40

vascular ## Footnote The vascular system is essential for plant health and growth.

Question 41

True or False: The tissues in an organ do not need to work together.

Answer 41

False ## Footnote Tissues in an organ must work together to enable it to perform specific functions.

Question 42

What is the main focus of plant pathologists?

Answer 42

The study of plant health and diseases, including their causes and effects on plant growth and survival ## Footnote Plant pathologists contribute to food quality and environmental health.

Question 43

List the fields that combine to form plant pathology.

Answer 43

* Botany * Crop science * Ecology * Biochemistry * Genetics ## Footnote These fields work together to understand plant diseases.

Question 44

What are the primary roles of plant pathologists?

Answer 44

Understanding plant diseases, the organisms causing them, and their impact on plant growth and survival ## Footnote Plant pathologists work in various settings, including universities and industries.

Question 45

How do multicellular organisms differ from unicellular organisms in terms of cell organization?

Answer 45

Multicellular organisms have specialized cells organized into tissues, organs, and systems ## Footnote This organization allows them to grow larger and survive in diverse environments.

Question 46

What types of cells make up a leaf?

Answer 46

* Epidermal cells * Palisade tissue cells * Spongy tissue cells * Vascular tissue cells ## Footnote Each type of cell has a specific function in the leaf.

Question 47

What is the function of epidermal cells in leaves?

Answer 47

To form a protective thin sheet covering the leaf's interior ## Footnote This protection is crucial for maintaining leaf health.

Question 48

What is the primary role of palisade tissue cells in leaves?

Answer 48

To perform most of the photosynthesis due to their high chloroplast content ## Footnote Palisade tissue is essential for capturing light energy.

Question 49

What is the role of vascular tissues in plants?

Answer 49

To transport fluids throughout the plant, consisting of xylem and phloem ## Footnote Vascular tissues are vital for nutrient and water distribution.

Question 50

Fill in the blank: In a multicellular organism, cells are specialized and work together to meet the needs of the _______.

Answer 50

organism

Question 51

True or False: All cells in multicellular organisms perform the same functions.

Answer 51

False ## Footnote Specialized cells perform different functions to support the organism.

Question 52

What should you do to investigate a plant disease?

Answer 52

Research its causes, the disease agent, and the plants it affects ## Footnote Consider the economic or social consequences of the disease.

Question 53

What are two types of leaf cells that perform photosynthesis?

Answer 53

* Palisade tissue cells * Spongy tissue cells ## Footnote Both types contribute to the plant's ability to convert light into energy.

Question 54

How can you demonstrate plant structure using samples?

Answer 54

By designing an experiment to investigate plant organization ## Footnote This can involve examining various plant tissues and their functions.

Question 55

What is the benefit of transparent epidermal cells in leaves?

Answer 55

They allow light to penetrate for photosynthesis ## Footnote Transparency is crucial for optimal light absorption.

Question 56

What is a suggested activity to learn about plant pathology careers?

Answer 56

Investigate a career in plant pathology and present the type of work involved ## Footnote This helps understand practical applications in the field.