Text B Energy And Motion 5.1 Analysing And Measuring Motion Stopped At P 193 Flashcards
(109 cards)
1
Q
What is the definition of a scalar quantity?
A
A quantity that describes magnitude but not direction
Examples include speed, distance, and time.
2
Q
What is a vector quantity?
A
A quantity that includes both magnitude and direction
Examples include velocity, displacement, and position.
3
Q
How is distance defined?
A
The length of a path between two points or locations
It is a scalar quantity represented by the symbol Δd.
4
Q
What does the symbol Δ represent in physics?
A
A change or difference
Commonly used by physicists and mathematicians.
5
Q
What is the definition of displacement?
A
The straight-line distance from one point to another, including direction
Displacement is a vector quantity represented by the symbol Δd.
6
Q
True or False: Scalars have both magnitude and direction.
A
False
Scalars only have magnitude, while vectors include direction.
7
Q
What is the symbol for velocity?
A
v
Velocity is a vector quantity.
8
Q
What does it mean to communicate about motion?
A
To describe quantities that characterize the movement of objects
This involves understanding scalars and vectors.
9
Q
Fill in the blank: Distance is a ______ quantity.
A
scalar
It describes how far apart two points are without indicating direction.
10
Q
Fill in the blank: Displacement is a ______ quantity.
A
vector
It describes both the distance and direction from one point to another.
11
Q
What is the importance of measuring motion in engineering?
A
It is critical for designing technologically advanced vehicles
Engineers and physicists must understand the basics of motion.
12
Q
What skills do experienced mountain bikers develop?
A
A sense of speed and the ability to react automatically to bumps and turns
This skill development requires a lot of practice.
13
Q
What does the term ‘magnitude’ refer to in the context of motion?
A
The size or amount of a quantity
Magnitude is a key aspect of both scalar and vector quantities.
14
Q
What does the delta symbol (Δ) represent in physics?
A
The change in the position of an object when it is displaced.
15
Q
What is position in physics?
A
A vector quantity that describes a specific point relative to a reference point.
16
Q
What is the logical reference point in a coordinate system?
A
Point (0,0) where the axes cross.
17
Q
What is the symbol for position?
A
d.
18
Q
How is displacement mathematically defined?
A
As the difference between two positions.
19
Q
What is the SI unit for position and displacement?
A
Metres, m.
20
Q
What is the approximate distance from Edmonton to Peace River along the displacement arrow?
A
365 km.
21
Q
What direction does the displacement from Edmonton to Peace River point?
A
About 40° west of north.
22
Q
How would you describe the displacement from Edmonton to Peace River?
A
Ad = 365 km[N40°W].
23
Q
What is the approximate distance along the highway from Edmonton to Peace River?
A
485 km.
24
Q
True or False: The distance along the highway is shorter than the magnitude of the displacement.
A
False.
25
What is essential to science and the mathematics used in calculations?
Measurement, communication, and precision.
26
What happened to NASA's Mars Climate Orbiter in 1999?
It probably burned up in the Martian atmosphere.
27
What caused the Mars Climate Orbiter to make errors in calculations?
One group used SI units while another assumed U.S. customary units.
28
What was the cost of designing, constructing, and launching the Mars Climate Orbiter?
More than $300 million.
29
Fill in the blank: The distance along the highway from Edmonton to Peace River is longer than the magnitude of the _______.
displacement.
30
What can lead to big and expensive problems in science?
Confusion in measurements and calculations.
31
How can you graphically determine a displacement vector?
Start at the tip of the initial position vector and draw an arrow to the tip of the final position vector.
32
What is the main focus of the calculations in this section?
Mathematical calculations on vectors in one dimension
## Footnote
This involves working along a straight line.
33
How are the directions of vectors indicated?
By compass directions (N, S, E, W) or positive and negative signs (+ or -)
## Footnote
This helps in determining the direction of displacement.
34
How do you determine the displacement vector, Ad?
By subtracting two position vectors, di and dz
## Footnote
The resulting vector indicates the overall change in position.
35
What happens when you subtract a vector?
You point it in the opposite direction but keep the length the same
## Footnote
This is crucial for accurate vector calculations.
36
In one dimension, how can the magnitudes of velocity vectors be manipulated?
They can be added and subtracted algebraically
## Footnote
This simplifies the process of calculating net displacement.
37
What is the runner's position at point d?
10 m east of the reference point or 0.0 m
## Footnote
This is based on the position vector provided.
38
What is the displacement of the runner from position d to the reference point?
40 m[E]
## Footnote
Calculated by the difference between positions: 50 m[E] - 10 m[E].
39
Fill in the blank: The displacement vector can be determined using the formula _______.
Ad = dz - di
## Footnote
This formula represents the change in position.
40
True or False: The vector addition in one dimension can include both positive and negative values.
True
## Footnote
Positive indicates one direction while negative indicates the opposite.
41
What is the significance of using compass directions in vector calculations?
They provide clarity on the direction of the vectors
## Footnote
This is essential for accurate displacement and distance measurements.
42
What is the difference between speed and velocity?
Speed is a scalar, while velocity is a vector.
43
What does speed relate to?
Distance.
44
What does velocity relate to?
Displacement.
45
What is required to determine a sprinter's speed or velocity?
A stopwatch to measure time.
46
In a 50 m dash, when do you start the stopwatch?
When the race starts.
47
How do you measure time intervals in a race?
By checking the stopwatch at specific distances, like 25 m and the end.
48
What is the mathematical formula for time interval?
Δt = t2 - t1
49
What is time (t) in relation to time zero?
A point in time.
50
What is a time interval?
The difference between two times.
51
What type of quantities are time and time interval?
Both are scalars.
52
Fill in the blank: Speed is related to _______.
distance.
53
Fill in the blank: Velocity is related to _______.
displacement.
54
True or False: Speed and velocity can be calculated without specifying a time interval.
False.
55
What is the difference between speed and velocity?
Speed is a scalar, while velocity is a vector.
56
What does speed relate to?
Distance.
57
What does velocity relate to?
Displacement.
58
What is required to determine a sprinter's speed or velocity?
A stopwatch to measure time.
59
In a 50 m dash, when do you start the stopwatch?
When the race starts.
60
How do you measure time intervals in a race?
By checking the stopwatch at specific distances, like 25 m and the end.
61
What is the mathematical formula for time interval?
Δt = t2 - t1
62
What is time (t) in relation to time zero?
A point in time.
63
What is a time interval?
The difference between two times.
64
What type of quantities are time and time interval?
Both are scalars.
65
Fill in the blank: Speed is related to _______.
distance.
66
Fill in the blank: Velocity is related to _______.
displacement.
67
True or False: Speed and velocity can be calculated without specifying a time interval.
False.
68
What does visualization in learning help develop?
A deeper understanding of the relationships among position, displacement, time, and velocity
## Footnote
Visualization can include data tables, pictures, and graphs.
69
In Figure 5.7, what does part A represent?
A sprinter at rest (no change of position)
## Footnote
The position, d, remains the same at all times in this part.
70
What does part B of Figure 5.7 illustrate?
A sprinter steadily changes position from the starting point
## Footnote
The sprinter is running at a constant velocity, indicated by equal distances between images.
71
What does part C of Figure 5.7 show?
A sprinter steadily changes position from the direction opposite to that in B
## Footnote
This indicates a change in the direction of motion.
72
What axis is used to represent motion in the graphs of Figure 5.7?
The d axis or vertical axis
## Footnote
The motion of the sprinters takes place along a straight line.
73
What is the time interval between each image of the sprinter in Figure 5.7?
1 second
## Footnote
This consistent time interval helps visualize the motion over time.
74
Fill in the blank: In part B, the line in the graph goes _______ from the zero position as time passes.
up
## Footnote
This upward movement indicates the sprinter is moving away from the zero position.
75
True or False: All motion of the sprinters in Figure 5.7 takes place along a curved line.
False
## Footnote
All motion occurs along a straight line.
76
What is the velocity of an object in relation to a position versus time graph?
The velocity is the slope of the graph of position versus time
## Footnote
The slope is defined as the 'rise' over the 'run', where 'rise' is displacement and 'run' is the time interval.
77
What type of motion is described when there is no change in velocity?
Uniform motion
## Footnote
This term is used by physicists to describe constant velocity motion.
78
How can you determine the slope of a straight line on a graph?
By calculating the 'rise' over the 'run'
## Footnote
'Rise' refers to the change in position, while 'run' refers to the change in time.
79
What is the formula for velocity based on the slope?
Velocity = rise/run
## Footnote
This formula relates the displacement of an object to the time interval over which the motion occurs.
80
What are the coordinates of the first point used to calculate the slope in the example?
(0.0 s, 0.0 m)
## Footnote
This point represents the initial position and time of the object.
81
What are the coordinates of the last point used in the example?
(7.5 s, 60 m)
## Footnote
This point represents the final position and time of the object.
82
What is the slope calculated using the first and last points?
8.0 m/s
## Footnote
The slope is calculated as (60 m - 0 m) / (7.5 s - 0 s).
83
Fill in the blank: The rise in the slope calculation of a graph is the _______.
displacement
## Footnote
Displacement is the difference in position between two points.
84
What is the rise when calculating the slope between the points (1.5 s, 12 m) and (3.0 s, 24 m)?
12 m
## Footnote
The rise is calculated as 24 m - 12 m.
85
What is the run when calculating the slope between the points (1.5 s, 12 m) and (3.0 s, 24 m)?
1.5 s
## Footnote
The run is calculated as 3.0 s - 1.5 s.
86
What is the calculated slope between (1.5 s, 12 m) and (3.0 s, 24 m)?
8.0 m/s
## Footnote
The slope is determined by dividing the rise by the run.
87
What is the rise when calculating the slope between the points (3.0 s, 24 m) and (6.0 s, 48 m)?
24 m
## Footnote
The rise is calculated as 48 m - 24 m.
88
What is the run when calculating the slope between the points (3.0 s, 24 m) and (6.0 s, 48 m)?
3.0 s
## Footnote
The run is calculated as 6.0 s - 3.0 s.
89
What is the slope calculated between the points (3.0 s, 24 m) and (6.0 s, 48 m)?
8.0 m/s
## Footnote
This slope reflects the constant velocity of the object during that time interval.
90
What does a straight line on a position versus time graph indicate about velocity?
The velocity is constant
## Footnote
This conclusion is drawn from the observation that data points lying on a straight line indicate no changes in velocity.
91
Why are data points on experimental graphs often not perfectly straight?
Due to small measurement errors
## Footnote
Measurement variations can occur from factors like human reaction time when using a stopwatch and difficulties in reading measuring instruments precisely.
92
What is the purpose of drawing a 'line of best fit'?
To represent the trend in data points accurately
## Footnote
A line of best fit helps to smooth out the variations in data and provides a better estimation of the relationship between variables.
93
How should one calculate the slope of a line of best fit?
Use two points on the line near the opposite ends
## Footnote
Avoid using the actual data points, as they may not lie directly on the line.
94
What coordinates were used to calculate the slope in the example?
(10 s, 1.6 m) and (80 s, 5.3 m)
## Footnote
These points were selected to demonstrate how to find the slope of the line of best fit.
95
What is the formula for slope?
slope = (change in position) / (change in time)
## Footnote
This formula is used to quantify the steepness of the line in a graph.
96
How does acceleration feel when driving a dragster?
The driver feels pressed back against the seat
## Footnote
This sensation occurs due to rapid changes in velocity, particularly when accelerating.
97
True or False: You are often aware of motion when a car is moving at a constant speed.
False
## Footnote
Constant velocity results in a lack of noticeable motion changes.
98
Fill in the blank: The slope of a line of best fit is a more accurate calculation of ______ than the velocity calculated from two data points.
velocity
## Footnote
This highlights the importance of using a line of best fit for accurate data analysis.
99
How is acceleration defined?
Any change in the velocity of an object during a time interval.
100
What types of changes can acceleration involve?
* Increase in magnitude of velocity
* Decrease in magnitude of velocity
* Change in direction of the object
101
What type of quantity is velocity?
Vector quantity.
102
What type of quantity is acceleration?
Vector quantity.
103
What is needed to cause a change in motion or acceleration?
A force must be exerted.
104
In a scenario where no forces act on an object in uniform motion, what will happen?
The motion will not change.
105
What are the units of acceleration?
Metres per second squared (m/s²).
106
What does a value of 1.2 m/s² indicate?
The velocity is changing by 1.2 m/s every second.
107
Fill in the blank: Acceleration is any change in the ______ of an object during a time interval.
[velocity]
108
True or False: Acceleration can only involve an increase in velocity.
False.
109
What phenomenon do you feel when a car changes direction?
The force that is causing a change in the motion of your body.
