Tissue Repair and Hemodynamics

Question 1

_______ dominates acute DIC; ________ dominates chronic DIC

Answer 1

Bleeding; thrombus

Question 2

_______ hydrostatic pressure and/or _______ oncotic pressure can cause net leakage of fluid out of the circulation and into the tissues

Answer 2

increased; decreased

Question 3

_______ pressure drives fluid from the capillary into the interstitial space at the arterial end

Answer 3

Hydrostatic

Question 4

_______ pressure: increased plasma protein concentration due to fluid leaving the vessel causes fluid to be pulled back into the vessel at the venous end

Answer 4

Oncotic

Question 5

_______ stimulates contraction of the gall bladder

Answer 5

Cholecystekinin (CCK)

Question 6

A _____ (normal/cirrhotic) liver appears brown and spongy

Answer 6

normal

Question 7

A ______ occurs when a scar crosses a joint

Answer 7

contracture

Question 8

A ______ scar is raised beyond boundary of wound and may contract over time

Answer 8

hypertrophic

Question 9

A ______ scar is raised beyond boundary of wound and may contract over time

Answer 9

keloid

Question 10

A _______ is characterized by aggressive fibromatoses and benign neoplasm

Answer 10

Desmoid tumor

Question 11

A free floating, intravascular mass of a solid, liquid, or gas

Answer 11

Embolus

Question 12

Active increase in blood flow due to arteriolar dilation

Answer 12

Hyperemia

Question 13

Arteriolar dilation leads to _______ (Increased hydrostatic pressure/decreased oncotic pressure)

Answer 13

increased hydrostatic pressure

Question 14

Blood clot in a vessel that obstructs flow that is attached focally

Answer 14

Thrombus

Question 15

Endothelial neo-vascularization and fibroblast proliferation are characteristic of ______ repair phase.

Answer 15

Infrastructure

Question 16

Extravasation of fluid into spaces

Answer 16

Effusion

Question 17

Extravasation of fluid into tissues

Answer 17

Edema

Question 18

Failure of heart to pump an adequate amount of blood or to generate an adequate blood pressure

Answer 18

Cardiogenic shock

Question 19

Fluid overload leads to _______ (Increased hydrostatic pressure/decreased oncotic pressure)

Answer 19

increased hydrostatic pressure

Question 20

Generalized activation of clotting leading to widespread thrombosis, followed by high risk of hemorrhage

Answer 20

Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)

Question 21

Heart attack leads to _______ (Increased hydrostatic pressure/decreased oncotic pressure)

Answer 21

increased hydrostatic pressure

Question 22

Low protein production leads to _______ (Increased hydrostatic pressure/decreased oncotic pressure)

Answer 22

decreased oncotic pressure

Question 23

Name the embolus: Cause/Source- Atherosclerotic plaque of aorta, iliac, carotid arteries, Organ affected- Legs, brain, GI tract, kidney, Clinical outcome- Stroke, tissue necrosis in leg, GI pain and bleeding, kidney injury

Answer 23

Atheroemboli

Question 24

Name the embolus: Cause/Source- Deep leg veins, arm veins, organ affected- lungs, clinical outcome-Respiratory insufficiency, chest pain

Answer 24

Venous Thromboemboli

Question 25

Name the embolus: Cause/Source- Diving (nitrogen), IV, IA, chest trauma, Organ affected- Muscle, joints, lungs, heart, Clinical outcome- Bends (skeletal and joint pain) chokes (lung edema and hemorrhage), respiratory insufficiency, myocardial ischemia

Answer 25

Gas Bubbles

Question 26

Name the embolus: Cause/Source- Heart, aorta, carotid artery, Organ affected- Legs (75%), brain (10%), Clinical outcome- Stroke, tissue necrosis in the leg

Answer 26

Arterial Thromboemboli

Question 27

Name the embolus: Cause/Source- Long Bone fractures with venous damage, Organ affected- lungs, Clinical outcome- Respiratory insufficiency 1-3 days post trauma, mental status changes

Answer 27

Fat/Bone Marrow Embolus

Question 28

Name the embolus: Cause/Source- Mucin-secreting adenocarcinomas, liver, kidney, Organ affected- lungs , Clinical outcome- Respiratory insufficiency, chest pain

Answer 28

Tumor

Question 29

Name the embolus: Cause/Source- Torn placental membranes, uterine vein rupture, Organ affected- lungs, brain, vasculature, Clinical outcome- Respiratory insufficiency, shock, seizures, DIC, 10% of maternal deaths

Answer 29

Amniotic Fluid

Question 30

Name the infarct: arterial insufficiency

Answer 30

White

Question 31

Name the infarct: dense tissue

Answer 31

White

Question 32

Name the infarct: dual blood supply

Answer 32

Red

Question 33

Name the infarct: heart, kidney, spleen

Answer 33

White

Question 34

Name the infarct: loose tissue

Answer 34

Red

Question 35

Name the infarct: lung, liver, intestine

Answer 35

Red

Question 36

Name the infarct: no reperfusion

Answer 36

White

Question 37

Name the infarct: reperfusion occurs

Answer 37

Red

Question 38

Name the infarct: single blood supply

Answer 38

White

Question 39

Name the infarct: venous insufficiency

Answer 39

Red

Question 40

Name the type(s) of shock: arterial vasodilation, causing hypotension and warm, flushed skin

Answer 40

Septic shock

Question 41

Name the type(s) of shock: coolness and pallor of skin, tachycardia, decreased urine output

Answer 41

Cardiogenic/Hypovolemic

Question 42

Name the type(s) of shock: low blood pressure and low cardiac output lead to vasoconstriction, increased heart rate, and renal conservation of fluid

Answer 42

Cardiogenic/Hypovolemic

Question 43

Name the type(s) of shock: not responsive to IV fluids

Answer 43

Septic shock

Question 44

Name the type(s) of shock: vascular leakage, causing hypotension and edema

Answer 44

Septic shock

Question 45

Name the type(s) of shock: venous blood pooling, causing reduced cardiac output and increased heart rate

Answer 45

Septic shock

Question 46

Not enough blood volume to widely perfuse all tissues; low cardiac output due to low blood return to the heart

Answer 46

Hypovolemic shock

Question 47

Pathologic accumulation of blood due to impaired outflow of venous blood

Answer 47

Congestion

Question 48

Protein loss leads to _______ (Increased hydrostatic pressure/decreased oncotic pressure)

Answer 48

decreased oncotic pressure

Question 49

Re-epithelialization and organ regeneration are characteristic of the _____ repair phase

Answer 49

Suprastructure

Question 50

Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) resulting from microbial infection

Answer 50

Septic shock

Question 51

Venous obstruction/compression leads to _______ (Increased hydrostatic pressure/decreased oncotic pressure)

Answer 51

increased hydrostatic pressure

Question 52

Virchow's Triad

Answer 52

Endothelial Injury, Abnormal Blood Flow, Hypercoagulability