Viral and Fungal Pharmacology

Question 1

Anti-Fungal: ______ is similar to Amphotericin B but severe side effects limit its use to topical administration

Answer 1

Nystatin

Question 2

Anti-Fungal: available IV

Answer 2

Amphotericin B, Echinocandins, Ketoconazole, Pentamidine

Question 3

Anti-Fungal: Available IV/IM and via inhalation

Answer 3

Pentamidine

Question 4

Anti-Fungal: Binds to ergosterol and opens pores in fungal cell membrane

Answer 4

Amphotericin B

Question 5

Anti-Fungal: Binds to microtubules and inhibits fungal mitosis

Answer 5

Griseofulvin

Question 6

Anti-Fungal: Converted to 5-fluorouracil by ________ and interferes with DNA synthesis.

Answer 6

Flucytosine; deaminase

Question 7

Anti-Fungal: Echinocandins

Answer 7

Caspofungin, Anidulafungin, Micafungin

Question 8

Anti-Fungal: Fungicidal Classes

Answer 8

Amphotericin, Echinocandins (some), Terbinafine

Question 9

Anti-Fungal: Fungicidal drug with side effects of GI upset, rash, headache, taste disturbance, and CYP disturbance

Answer 9

Terbinafine

Question 10

Anti-Fungal: given with amphotericin B for Cryptococcus, candidiasis, and chromoblastomycosis

Answer 10

Flucytosine

Question 11

Anti-Fungal: Imidazole

Answer 11

Ketoconazole, Cotrimazole, Miconazole

Question 12

Anti-Fungal: Imidazole that is available orally and IV

Answer 12

Ketoconazole

Question 13

Anti-Fungal: Imidazole with hepatic metabolism and excretion in breast milk

Answer 13

Ketoconazole

Question 14

Anti-Fungal: Inhibit protein and nucleic acid synthesis, Treat protozoa

Answer 14

Pentamidine

Question 15

Anti-Fungal: Inhibit synthesis of cell wall component glucan

Answer 15

Echinocandins

Question 16

Anti-Fungal: Inhibition of viral CYP450 leading to decrease in _____ synthesis

Answer 16

Triazoles Imidazoles; sterol

Question 17

Anti-Fungal: Poor oral absorption that is improved with administration of fatty acids

Answer 17

Griseofulvin

Question 18

Anti-Fungal: severe adverse reactions including nephrotoxicity, infusion-related toxicities, and anemia

Answer 18

Amphotericin B

Question 19

Anti-Fungal: Side effects of n/v, anorexia, pruritis, hepatotoxicity, teratogenicity, and drug interactions (strong inhibitor of CYP3A4)

Answer 19

Ketoconazole

Question 20

Anti-Fungal: Terbinafine: interfere with _______ synthesis by inhibition of ________.

Answer 20

ergosterol; squalene oxidase

Question 21

Anti-Fungal: Triazole that enters CSF well

Answer 21

Fluconazole

Question 22

Anti-Fungal: Triazole with Hepatic metabolism

Answer 22

Itraconazole

Question 23

Anti-Fungal: Triazole with topical use only

Answer 23

Terconazole

Question 24

Anti-Fungal: Triazoles

Answer 24

Fluconazole, Itraconazole, Voriconazole, Terconazole

Question 25

Anti-Fungal: used for severe superficial dermatoytosis

Answer 25

Griseofulvin

Question 26

Anti-Fungal: Used in life-threatening systemic fungal infections, especially in immunosuppressed patients

Answer 26

Amphotericin B

Question 27

Anti-Fungal: used primarily for invasive aspergillosis

Answer 27

Caspofungin, Anidulafungin, Micafungin

Question 28

Anti-Fungal: Which has greater selective toxicity? Imidazoles or Triazoles?

Answer 28

Triazoles

Question 29

CMV Drugs: administered IV

Answer 29

Ganciclovir, Foscarnet

Question 30

CMV Drugs: Compete with dGTP for viral polymerase

Answer 30

Ganciclovir, Valganciclovir

Question 31

CMV Drugs: Does not require cellular activation

Answer 31

Foscarnet

Question 32

CMV Drugs: Good oral bioavailability

Answer 32

Valganciclovir

Question 33

CMV Drugs: Initial phosphorylation by ________; then phosphorylation by _______

Answer 33

viral UL97; cellular protein kinases

Question 34

CMV Drugs: inorganic pyrophosphate analog

Answer 34

Foscarnet

Question 35

CMV Drugs: less selective toxicity than acyclovir because host kinase can also perform first phosphorylation step

Answer 35

Ganciclovir, Valganciclovir

Question 36

CMV Drugs: side effects of severe nephrotoxicity and hypocalcemia, as well as CNS disturbances

Answer 36

Foscarnet

Question 37

Herpes Drugs: Available IV

Answer 37

Acyclovir

Question 38

Herpes Drugs: Available orally

Answer 38

Valacyclovir, Famciclovir

Question 39

Herpes Drugs: Available topically only

Answer 39

Penciclovir, Vidarabine/Trifluridine, Docosanol

Question 40

Herpes Drugs: Inhibit Viral Genome Replication

Answer 40

Acyclovir, Valacyclovir, Penciclovir, Famciclovir, Vidarabine/Trifluridine

Question 41

Herpes Drugs: Inhibitor of Viral Genome Replication are initially phosphorylated by ________, and then further phosphorylated by ________.

Answer 41

Viral thymidine kinase; cellular protein kinases

Question 42

Herpes Drugs: Inhibitor of Viral Penetration

Answer 42

Docosanol

Question 43

Herpes Drugs: Mechanisms of Action

Answer 43

Inhibit Viral genome replication, Inhibit Viral Penetration

Question 44

Influenza Drugs: Cover Flu A and B

Answer 44

Oseltamavir, Zanamivir, Peramivir

Question 45

Influenza Drugs: Hepatic Excretion

Answer 45

Rimantidine

Question 46

Influenza Drugs: Inhalation

Answer 46

Zanamivir

Question 47

Influenza Drugs: Inhibition of Neuraminidase (3)

Answer 47

Oseltamavir, Zanamivir, Peramivir

Question 48

Influenza Drugs: Inhibition of Viral Uncoating (2)

Answer 48

Amantidine, Rimantidine

Question 49

Influenza Drugs: IV

Answer 49

Peramivir

Question 50

Influenza Drugs: Modes of Action (2)

Answer 50

Inhibit Neuraminidase, Inhibit Viral Uncoating

Question 51

Influenza Drugs: Side effects of bronchospasm in patients with COPD or asthma

Answer 51

Zanamivir

Question 52

Influenza Drugs: Sides effects of insomnia, concentration difficulty, lightheadedness/ dizziness

Answer 52

Amantidine

Question 53

RSV Drugs: Inhibit Viral RNA expression

Answer 53

Ribavirin

Question 54

RSV Drugs: Main side effects of Ribavirin (2)

Answer 54

Hemolytic Anemia; Highly teratogenic

Question 55

RSV Drugs: Mechanisms of Action

Answer 55

Inhibit Viral RNA expression, Prophylaxis

Question 56

RSV Drugs: Prophylactic, uhmanized monoclonal antibody to _______

Answer 56

Palavizumab; F glycoprotein

Question 57

RSV Drugs: Ribavirin is phosphorylated by _______ and inhibits ______

Answer 57

cellular kinases; viral mRNA capping