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Viruses Flashcards

1
Q

______ period: No virus detectable inside or outside of cells (0-12 hours)

A

Eclipse

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2
Q

______ period: time from initiation of infection to release of new infectious particles from cells

A

Latent

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3
Q

______ viruses: hardier, can dry out, low pH, detergents, and high temperature

A

Naked

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4
Q

_______ viruses are more sensitive: susceptible to pH and environmental stressors; better transmitted by close contact

A

Enveloped

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5
Q

_______: continue to produce new virus over a long period of time

A

Persistent

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6
Q

_______: point mutations and genome shuffling to allow viruses to become unrecognizable to specific immune receptors

A

Antigenic variation

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7
Q

_______: virus genome is relatively silent, not replicating

A

Latent

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8
Q

_____: a virus is more likely to infect certain tissues and not others

A

Tropism

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9
Q

_____: virus proteins that resemble host proteins to escape recognition

A

molecular mimicry

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10
Q

____: mouse monoclonal antibody that is monoclonal anti-RSV

A

Palavisumab

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11
Q

Acute Local or Systemic? IgA and IgM antibodies produced

A

Systemic

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12
Q

Acute Local or Systemic? IgA antibody produced

A

Local

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13
Q

Acute Local or Systemic? Long duration of immunity

A

Systemic

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14
Q

Acute Local or Systemic? Primary or secondary viremia

A

Systemic

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15
Q

Acute Local or Systemic? Symptoms seen only at entry epithelium

A

Local

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16
Q

All RNA viruses have _______ that produces mRNA and replicates host genomes

A

RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp)

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17
Q

Antigenic ______: acquisition of a completely new gene segment

A

Shift

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18
Q

Antigenic _____: gradual change in a virus that occurs through a slow series of mutations, substitution, or deletions

A

Drift

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19
Q

Cells targeted for infection in CMV

A

Epithelia, monocytes, lymphocytes, others

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20
Q

Cells targeted for infection in HSV-1 and HSV-2

A

Mucosal epithelium

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21
Q

Cells targeted for infection in VZV

A

Mucosal epithelium

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22
Q

CMV incubation

A

2 weeks to 2 months

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23
Q

CMV is a ____ (genome) virus.

A

dsDNA

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24
Q

CMV Serology: IgM(-), IgG(-)

A

Never Infected

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25
CMV Serology: IgM(-), IgG(+)
Previously Infected
26
CMV Serology: IgM(+), IgG(-)
Primary CMV infection
27
CMV Serology: IgM(+), IgG(+)
Recent CMV Activation
28
CMV transmission
Contact, blood transfusions, transplantations
29
Ebola is a ____ (genome) virus.
ssRNA
30
Ebola: _____: assembly, budding, nucleocapsid assembly, and immune defense
Matrix Protein VP24
31
Ebola: _____: main part of virion/matrix, important for structure, stability, assembly, and budding
Matrix Protein VP40
32
Flat and rose colored then mature into a vesicle on an erythematous base (dew drop on a rose petal)
Varicella
33
Herpesvirus Replication: ____ genes encode structural proteins: capsid and glycoproteins
Late
34
Herpesvirus Replication: _____ genes expressed first, many are transcription factors
Immediate Early
35
Herpesvirus Replication: ______ genes encode proteins for DNA replication: polymerase, thymidine kinase, helicase, etc.
Early
36
HSV infection: cold sores, typically 1-2 per recurrence, heal without treatment in a few days
Herpes labialis
37
HSV infection: erythema, swelling, and grouped vesicles that evolve into pustules with cloudy fluid; entry into skin via cut or abrasion
Herpetic Whitlow
38
HSV infection: infection of cornea; one of the leading causes of blindness
Herpes Keratitis
39
HSV infection: most serious type of infection associated with HSV
Encephalitis
40
HSV infection: painful vesicles and ulcers in genital and perianal regions
Genital Herpes
41
HSV infection: ulceration of gums, lips, and tongue in anterior part of mouth
Gingivostomatitis
42
HSV-1 is a ____ (genome) virus.
dsDNA
43
HSV-1: most common primary infection
Gingivostomatitis
44
HSV-1: most common secondary infection
Herpes labialis
45
HSV-2 is a ____ (genome) virus.
dsDNA
46
HSV-2 most common primary infection
Genital Herpes
47
HSV-2: most common secondary infection
Genital Herpes
48
Induces massive cytokine storm: destroys vascular endothelium, can induce DIC
Ebola
49
Infects epithelial cells of salivary gland or genital tract, followed by likely viremia that causes distribution to other organs and tissues
CMV
50
Influenza has two main important surface proteins
Hemagglutinin, Neuraminidase
51
Influenza Transmission
Respiratory Route primarily; also contact with fomites
52
Influenza Type ___: mild or clinically insignificant illness
C
53
Influenza Type ___: Can infect other animals, cause of epidemics and pandemics
A
54
Influenza Type ___: Only infect humans, can cause epidemics
B
55
Inlfuenza is a ____ (genome) virus.
Segmented ssRNA
56
Mononucleosis-like illness with fever, swollen nodes, and mild hepatitis
CMV
57
Most common HSV-1 and HSV-2 presentation
asymptomatic
58
Occurs worldwide in the winter and spring with a 40-60% attack rate in children <2
RSV
59
Produces a dermatome-distributed rash causing inflammation and necrosis of cells in the ganglion
Zoster
60
Replication strategy: replication in nucleus with dsDNA intermediate for synthesis of a single stranded genomic DNA
ssDNA
61
Replication strategy: transcription and genome replication using anti-genome as template; replication performed by RdRp
ssRNA
62
Replication strategy: virally encoded reverse transcriptase copies genome from mRNAs transcribed from the template genome
Gapped dsDNA
63
RSV is a ____ (genome) virus.
ssRNA
64
RSV: _____: fusion of viral envelope to host cell, fusion of membranes of infected cells to each other to cause syncytia
F protein
65
RSV: _____: initial binding of virus to the host cell
G protein
66
Site of latency for HSV
Sensory Ganglion
67
Site of latency for VZV
Cerebral or dorsal root ganglia
68
The ___ strand can be translated into protein.
(+)
69
Varicella Vaccine
Live attenuated virus for children in a 2-dose series
70
VZV Complications (6)
Secondary Infection/Celulitis, Pneumonia, Necrotizing Fasciitis, Encephalitis, Hepatitis, Congenital Syndrome
71
VZV is a ____ (genome) virus.
dsDNA
72
VZV Transmission and Incubation
Respiratory Route; 10-21 days
73
Zoster Vaccine
Live attenuated vaccine for individuals >50

Disease and Defense (16 decks)

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