Flashcards in The Skin Deck (84):
1
_____ glands: axillary, pubic, and perianal regions; produce milky, viscid, carbohydrate-rich secretion; begin to function during puberty
Apocrine Sweat
2
_____ glands: hybrid sweat glands mainly in axilla
Apoeccrine
3
_____ glands: lubricate thick terminal hairs with oily secretion
Sebaceous
4
_____ glands: oil glands that secrete sebum (lipid mixture)
Sebaceous
5
_____ glands: produce more viscous sweat, become active after puberty, located in axillary and anogenital regions
Apocrine Glands
6
_____ glands: secrete odorless watery sweat, vital in thermoregulation
Eccrine
7
_____ glands: secretion of entire cell
Holocrine
8
_____ glands: traditional Sweat glands distributed over most of the body with water enzyme-rich secretions
Eccrine Sweat
9
______ layer of the dermis: dense connective tissue
Reticular
10
______ layer of the dermis: loose connective tissue immediately under the epidermis
Papillary
11
_________: apical portion of secretory cell cytoplasm pinches off and enters lumen
Decapitation secretion
12
______: attach keratinocytes to each other
Desmosomes
13
______: onion-like arrangement of nervous tissue, involved in vibration and pression, highest density of genitals
Pacinian Corpuscles
14
______: pine cone-like arrangement of nervous tissue, involved in fine touch, highest density on pulps of digits
Meissner's Corpuscles
15
_____: attach basal cells firmly to basal lamina of dermal-epidermal junction
Hemidesmosomes
16
____melanin: black-brown color
Eumelanin
17
____melanin: yellow to red-brown color
Pheomelanin
18
Adnexal Structures (5)
Apocrine Glands, Eccrine Glands, Sebaceous Glands, Hair, Nails
19
Cell type: form barrier layer, synthesize keratin, involved in proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis
keratinocytes
20
Cell type: pigment producing cells (synthesize melanin and supplies it to about 30 nearby keratinocytes)
melanocytes
21
Cell type: Specialized dendritic cells derived from bone marrow stem cells present in the epidermis
Langerhans Cells
22
Collagen Type __: >85% weight of dermis, major component of bone (predominant type)
I
23
Collagen Type __: anchoring fibrils that attach epidermis to dermis
VII
24
Collagen Type __: found in basement membrane zone in dermoepidermal junction, more prominent around blood vessels
IV
25
Collagen Type __: large part of fetal dermis (less in adult), more resistant to scar formation
III
26
Description: circumscribed elevation containing pus, <1cm
pustule
27
Description: circumscribed loss of epidermis and upper dermis
ulcer
28
Description: deep crack or cleavage found in areas of thickened skin
fissure
29
Description: discrete, solid elevated mass; less than 1cm
papule
30
Description: dried blood, serum, or purulent exudate on skin surface; may be thick or thin
crust
31
Description: excess stratum corneum, appearing as white or gray flakes or plates
scale
32
Description: firm and well defined lesion, dermal or subcutaneous, more than 1cm
nodule
33
Description: flat discoloration of skin/mucous membrane, extravasation of blood, color transitions over time
Ecchymoses
34
Description: fluid filled cavity, within or just below epidermis, <1cm
vesicle
35
Description: fluid-filled blister, >1cm
bulla
36
Description: generalized blanchable redness caused by increased blood flow
erythroderma
37
Description: greater than 1cm, flat area of color change
patch
38
Description: less than 1cm, flat area of color change
macule
39
Description: localized loss of epidermal or mucosal epithelium
erosion
40
Description: Localized, blanchable redness, increased blood flow to area
erythema
41
Description: raised and palpable discoloration, due to vasculitis and extravasation of blood cells
Palpable purpura
42
Description: scab; adherent dry crust colored black
eschar
43
Description: solid, flat-topped elevated area of skin, greater than 1cm
plaque
44
Description: thinning of tissue
atrophy
45
Description: tiny 1-2mm pinpoint spots resulting from tiny hemorrhages
Petechiae
46
Description: visible persistent dilation of small subcutaneous blood vessels
telangiectasias
47
Eccrine glands are stimulated by _______ release
Acetylcholine
48
Epidermal _____ interdigitate with upward projections of dermal papillae
rete
49
Epidermis: type of epithelium
Stratified Squamous
50
Hair growth stage: _____: growing
anagen
51
Hair growth stage: _____: resting
telogen
52
Hair growth stage: _____: transitioning
catagen
53
Hair has a central _______ (soft keratin), _______ (hard keratin), and ______ (hard keratin)
medulla; cortex; cuticle
54
Hair type: ______: dark, course, thick
Terminal
55
Hair type: ______: fine, thin, apigmented
Vellus
56
Layer of Epidermis: consists of single layer of columnar or cuboidal keratinocytes
Stratum basalis
57
Layer of the Epidermis: contain different types of granules
Stratum granulosum
58
Layer of the Epidermis: keratinocytes have lost nuclei and organelles, cells are filled with keratin, outermost layer
Stratum corneum
59
Layer of the Epidermis: synthesis of involucrin and membrane coating granules begins in this layer, prickly/spiny appearance from desmosome attachments
Stratum spinosum
60
Layer of the Epidermis: thin, light staining band only in thick skin
Stratum lucidum
61
Melanosome Distribution: Distributed in clusters above the nucleus
Light Skin
62
Melanosome Distribution: Distributed individually throughout the cytoplasm
Dark Skin
63
Nerve type __ (______ myelinated, _____ conducting): proprioception, touch, muscle stretch receptors
A; heavily; fast
64
Nerve type ___ (___ myelinated, _____ conducting): sensation that is diffuse/non-localizing, temperature and itch sensations
C; not; slow
65
Procollagen is synthesized _______ and assebled _______.
intracellulary; extracellulary
66
Treatment for wrinkles
Pure Hyaluronic acid (Restylane)
67
Treatment of alopecia in men
Finasteride (Propecia)
68
Treatment of hyperhidrosis
Botulinum toxin injection
69
What pathology? Acquired disorder resulting from sun-damaged elastic fibers
Solar Elastosis
70
What pathology? blocked sweat ducts, resulting in manifestations dependent on site of blockage (acquired disorder)
Milaria
71
What pathology? Congenital disorder with mutations at various stages of collagen synthesis
Ehlers-Danlos
72
What pathology? Congenital disorder with poor temperature regulation and other ectodermal manifestations
Anhidrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia
73
What pathology? deficiency of Vitamin C cofactor leading to collagen deficiency
Scurvy
74
What pathology? disease of philosebaceous unit with plugged follicular environment, abnormal follicular formation
acne
75
What pathology? EDA mutation resulting in severely decreased sweating
Anhidrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia
76
What pathology? excessive sweating due to excessive ACh release
Hyperhidrosis
77
What pathology? Hyperextensible joints, fragile blood vessels, poor wound healing
Ehlers-Danlos
78
What pathology? keratotic plugging of hairs, perifollicular hemorrhage, corkscrew hairs, hemorrhagic gingivitis
Scurvy
79
What pathology? lipofuscin pigment, resulting in colored sweat secretions (yellow, green, blue, or black)
Chromohydrosis
80
What pathology? Mutation in MDR gene leading to brittle calcified elastic fibers
Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum
81
What pathology? Plucked chicken skin, systemic hypertension, angioid streaks in the retina
Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum
82
Which pathology? Defective skin barrier function due to loss of function filaggrin mutations
Icthyosis Vulgaris and Atopic Dermatitis
83
Which pathology? Flaccid bulla caused by antibodies to ______, which result in ______ blisters.
Pemphigous Vulgaris; Desmoglein 1 and 3; intraepidermal
84