Flashcards in Microbiology Deck (65):
1
_______ is a localized infection resulting in systemic manifestations (high fever, low BP, malaise, confusion progressing to stupor, coma, organ failure), rash resembling a sunburn
Toxic Shock Syndrome
2
Actin homolog in bacteria
MreB and ParM
3
Aerobic(-), Anaerobic(+), killed by oxygen, use fermentive metabolism
Strict Anaerobe
4
Aerobic(+), Anaerobic(-), require oxygen, cannot ferment
Strict Aerobe
5
Aerobic(+), Anaerobic(+), ferments in presence or absence of oxygen
Indifferent (Aerotolerant)
6
Aerobic(+), Anaerobic(+), respires in presence of oxygen and ferments in absence of oxygen
Facultative Anaerobe
7
Aerobic(+*), Anaerobic(+), grows best at low concentration of oxygen and can grow without oxygen
Microaerophilic
8
Bacterial plasmids (usually) transfer DNA via physical contact between the donor and recipient cells in the process of _______
Conjugation
9
Bacteriophages transfer segments of DNA from one cell to another in the process of ______
Transduction
10
Clockwise movement of a flagellum give this movement: ______
Tumbling
11
Counterclockwise movement of a flaggelum gives this movement: ______
Swimming
12
degree of pathogenicity, number of microbes required to be introduced into a host for disease to result
Virulence
13
disease caused by an infection with a microbe
Infectious disease
14
Flagella distribution pattern with flagella all over the cell
Peritrichous
15
Flagella distribution pattern with flagella concentrated at one end of the cell
Polar
16
Four Phases of Bacterial Growth
Lag; Exponential; Stationary, Death
17
Gram (-) rods include: ______
E. coli and Pseudomonas
18
Gram + cocci include: _______
Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, and Enterococcus
19
Gram + rods include: ______
Clostridium
20
Gram-______ bacteria have a thin, sparsely cross-linked peptidoglycan layer and other components located exterior to the peptidoglycan
Negative
21
Gram-_______ bacteria have a thick, extensively cross-linked peptidoglycan wall that also contains teichoic acids
Positive
22
Gram-Negative bacteria crosslink peptidoglycans from ____ to _____
DAP; D-Ala
23
Gram-Positive bacteria crosslink peptidoglycans from ____ to _____
L-Lys; D-Ala
24
Gram(-) (diplo)cocci include: _____
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
25
In gram positive cocci, _______ is typical in walled off infections, while ______ is typical in spreading infections
Staphylococcus; Streptococcus
26
inhibition of microbial growth at drug concentrations tolerated by the host
Selective toxicity
27
Intermediate filament homolog in bacteria
crescentin (CreS)
28
Mobile element that can mediate conjugation between cells, in which it is the DNA that is transferred
Conjugative Transposon
29
Naked DNA is taken up by competent cells in the process of _______.
Transformation
30
Name the two peptidoglycan hexose sugars
N-acetylglucuronic acid (GlcNAc) and N-acetylmuramic acid (MurNAc)
31
Pilus adheres and interferes with neutrophil action, different strains may have antigenically different pili and may even switch antigenic types
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
32
process whereby a microbe enters into a relationship with the host
Infection
33
Staph aureus is coagulase-____ while staph epidermis (SSNA) is coagulase-____
positive; negative
34
Staph epidermis is also known as _____
Staphylococcus Species Not Aureus (SSNA)
35
Staphylococci are catalase-___ and streptococci are catalase-_____
positive; negative
36
the ability to cause disease
Pathogenicity
37
There is more crosslinking in gram-___ bacteria
positive
38
Tubulin homolog in bacteria
FtsZ
39
Which bacteria? Most common causes of bacterial endocarditis
Staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus viridans, and staphylococcus epidermidis
40
Which bacterium genus? Endospore formers that are strict anaerobes and gram+ rods
Clostridium
41
Which bacterium? Gain access to bloodstream following dental extractions or manipulations
Streptococcus viridans
42
Which bacterium? Can cause HAP and VAP
Staphylococcus aureus
43
Which bacterium? Cause of traveler's diarrhea (ETEC), UTIs, and abdominal infections
Escherichia coli
44
Which bacterium? Caused by injuries and others that lead to compromised blood flow, involves production of alpha toxin that kills phagocytic cells and muscle tissue
Clostridium Perfringens
45
Which bacterium? Causes conjunctivitis (that progresses to blindness) in infants born to infected mothers?
Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis
46
Which bacterium? Causes strep throat
Streptococcus pyogenes
47
Which bacterium? Food poisoning resulting from enterotoxin that interrupts tight junctions between epithelial cells of the ileum
Clostridium Perfringens
48
Which bacterium? Gram negative rods with high intrinsic antibiotic resistance and common cause of nosocomial UTIs and pneumonia
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa
49
Which bacterium? Gram+ cocci frequently seen in nosocomial infections, often seen as a mixed infection.
Enterococcus faecalis and faecium
50
Which bacterium? Gram+ rods associated with diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis
Clostridium difficile
51
Which bacterium? Methicillin resistance is a significant issue
Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
52
Which bacterium? Most common cause of pneumonia
Streptococcus pneumoniae
53
Which bacterium? Most frequent cause of endogenous anaerobic abscess, responsible for more than 80% of abdominal infections
Bacteroides fragilis
54
Which bacterium? Obligate intracellular bacterium
Chlamydia trachomatis
55
Which bacterium? Post-infection can lead to Rheumatic fever
Streptococcus pyogenes
56
Which bacterium? Post-infection complication of glomerulonephritis resulting from Ag-Ab complexes deposited in the kidney that accumulate at the basement membrane, complement-mediated damage to the kidney
Streptococcus pyogenes
57
Which bacterium? Produce dextrans that adhere well to teeth and other oral tissues
Streptococcus viridans
58
Which bacterium? Produce hydrogen peroxide and superoxide radicals, have no cell walls and do not stain with gram stain
Mycoplasma pneumonia
59
Which bacterium? Produces “slime” that enables adherence to implanted devices and growth within a biofilm; important in bacterial endocarditis
Staph epidermis
60
Which bacterium? Produces M protein that has over 70 serotypes
Streptococcus pyogenes
61
Which bacterium? Produces spores that cannot be destroyed by alcohol-based hand sanitizer
Clostridium difficile
62
Which bacterium? Toxin blocks inhibitory interneurons and result in spastic paralysis
Clostridium Tetani
63
Which bacterium? Typically involved in mixed infection, cannot be cultured via traditional swabs
Anaerobic bacteria
64
Which bacterium? Which gram positive forms clusters of cocci?
Staphylococcus aureus
65