Microbiology Flashcards by Justin Holmes

_______ is a localized infection resulting in systemic manifestations (high fever, low BP, malaise, confusion progressing to stupor, coma, organ failure), rash resembling a sunburn

Toxic Shock Syndrome

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Actin homolog in bacteria

MreB and ParM

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Aerobic(-), Anaerobic(+), killed by oxygen, use fermentive metabolism

Strict Anaerobe

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Aerobic(+), Anaerobic(-), require oxygen, cannot ferment

Strict Aerobe

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Aerobic(+), Anaerobic(+), ferments in presence or absence of oxygen

Indifferent (Aerotolerant)

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Aerobic(+), Anaerobic(+), respires in presence of oxygen and ferments in absence of oxygen

Facultative Anaerobe

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Aerobic(+*), Anaerobic(+), grows best at low concentration of oxygen and can grow without oxygen

Microaerophilic

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Bacterial plasmids (usually) transfer DNA via physical contact between the donor and recipient cells in the process of _______

Conjugation

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Bacteriophages transfer segments of DNA from one cell to another in the process of ______

Transduction

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Clockwise movement of a flagellum give this movement: ______

Tumbling

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Counterclockwise movement of a flaggelum gives this movement: ______

Swimming

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degree of pathogenicity, number of microbes required to be introduced into a host for disease to result

Virulence

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disease caused by an infection with a microbe

Infectious disease

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Flagella distribution pattern with flagella all over the cell

Peritrichous

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Flagella distribution pattern with flagella concentrated at one end of the cell

Polar

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Four Phases of Bacterial Growth

Lag; Exponential; Stationary, Death

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Gram (-) rods include: ______

E. coli and Pseudomonas

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Gram + cocci include: _______

Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, and Enterococcus

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Gram + rods include: ______

Clostridium

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Gram-______ bacteria have a thin, sparsely cross-linked peptidoglycan layer and other components located exterior to the peptidoglycan

Negative

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Gram-_______ bacteria have a thick, extensively cross-linked peptidoglycan wall that also contains teichoic acids

Positive

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Gram-Negative bacteria crosslink peptidoglycans from ____ to _____

DAP; D-Ala

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Gram-Positive bacteria crosslink peptidoglycans from ____ to _____

L-Lys; D-Ala

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Gram(-) (diplo)cocci include: _____

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

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In gram positive cocci, _______ is typical in walled off infections, while ______ is typical in spreading infections

Staphylococcus; Streptococcus

inhibition of microbial growth at drug concentrations tolerated by the host

Selective toxicity

Intermediate filament homolog in bacteria

crescentin (CreS)

Mobile element that can mediate conjugation between cells, in which it is the DNA that is transferred

Conjugative Transposon

Naked DNA is taken up by competent cells in the process of _______.

Transformation

Name the two peptidoglycan hexose sugars

N-acetylglucuronic acid (GlcNAc) and N-acetylmuramic acid (MurNAc)

Pilus adheres and interferes with neutrophil action, different strains may have antigenically different pili and may even switch antigenic types

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

process whereby a microbe enters into a relationship with the host

Infection

Staph aureus is coagulase-____ while staph epidermis (SSNA) is coagulase-____

positive; negative

Staph epidermis is also known as _____

Staphylococcus Species Not Aureus (SSNA)

Staphylococci are catalase-___ and streptococci are catalase-_____

positive; negative

the ability to cause disease

Pathogenicity

There is more crosslinking in gram-___ bacteria

positive

Tubulin homolog in bacteria

FtsZ

Which bacteria? Most common causes of bacterial endocarditis

Staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus viridans, and staphylococcus epidermidis

Which bacterium genus? Endospore formers that are strict anaerobes and gram+ rods

Clostridium

Which bacterium? Gain access to bloodstream following dental extractions or manipulations

Streptococcus viridans

Which bacterium? Can cause HAP and VAP

Staphylococcus aureus

Which bacterium? Cause of traveler's diarrhea (ETEC), UTIs, and abdominal infections

Escherichia coli

Which bacterium? Caused by injuries and others that lead to compromised blood flow, involves production of alpha toxin that kills phagocytic cells and muscle tissue

Clostridium Perfringens

Which bacterium? Causes conjunctivitis (that progresses to blindness) in infants born to infected mothers?

Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis

Which bacterium? Causes strep throat

Streptococcus pyogenes

Which bacterium? Food poisoning resulting from enterotoxin that interrupts tight junctions between epithelial cells of the ileum

Clostridium Perfringens

Which bacterium? Gram negative rods with high intrinsic antibiotic resistance and common cause of nosocomial UTIs and pneumonia

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa

Which bacterium? Gram+ cocci frequently seen in nosocomial infections, often seen as a mixed infection.

Enterococcus faecalis and faecium

Which bacterium? Gram+ rods associated with diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis

Clostridium difficile

Which bacterium? Methicillin resistance is a significant issue

Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

Which bacterium? Most common cause of pneumonia

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Which bacterium? Most frequent cause of endogenous anaerobic abscess, responsible for more than 80% of abdominal infections

Bacteroides fragilis

Which bacterium? Obligate intracellular bacterium

Chlamydia trachomatis

Which bacterium? Post-infection can lead to Rheumatic fever

Streptococcus pyogenes

Which bacterium? Post-infection complication of glomerulonephritis resulting from Ag-Ab complexes deposited in the kidney that accumulate at the basement membrane, complement-mediated damage to the kidney

Streptococcus pyogenes

Which bacterium? Produce dextrans that adhere well to teeth and other oral tissues

Streptococcus viridans

Which bacterium? Produce hydrogen peroxide and superoxide radicals, have no cell walls and do not stain with gram stain

Mycoplasma pneumonia

Which bacterium? Produces “slime” that enables adherence to implanted devices and growth within a biofilm; important in bacterial endocarditis

Staph epidermis

Which bacterium? Produces M protein that has over 70 serotypes

Streptococcus pyogenes

Which bacterium? Produces spores that cannot be destroyed by alcohol-based hand sanitizer

Clostridium difficile

Which bacterium? Toxin blocks inhibitory interneurons and result in spastic paralysis

Clostridium Tetani

Which bacterium? Typically involved in mixed infection, cannot be cultured via traditional swabs

Anaerobic bacteria

Which bacterium? Which gram positive forms clusters of cocci?

Staphylococcus aureus

Which bacterium? Which toxin that blocks acetylcholine transmission at neuromuscular junctions, resulting in flaccid paralysis

Clostridium botulinum

Microbiology Flashcards

(65 cards)