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Physiology 202 > Unit 1 Lecture 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Lecture 1 Flashcards

(68 cards)

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1
Q

What are the 3 components of the cardiovascular system?

A
  1. Heart
  2. Blood
  3. Blood vessels
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2
Q

What does the heart do?

A

Acts as a pump to propel blood

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3
Q

What does blood do?

A

Moves through tubes called blood vessels

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4
Q

What do blood vessels do?

A

Conducts blood throughout the body

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5
Q

What is the heart called?

A

double pump

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6
Q

What is important about circulation of blood?

A

Circulation is CONTINUOUS

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7
Q

How many trips does blood travel through the heart?

A

2 CONTINUOUS trips

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8
Q

What is a “circuit”

A

each “stop” for blood at the heart

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9
Q

What is the path of blood through the heart?

A

heart -> arteries -> capillaries -> veins -> heart

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10
Q

What are the 2 cardiovascular circuits?

A
  • Systemic circuit

- Pulmonary circuit

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11
Q

What does systemic circuit do?

A

Carries oxygen & nutrients through blood to the cells of our body

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12
Q

What does the pulmonary circuit do?

A

reloads blood with oxygen

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13
Q

What are the 4 chambers within the heart?

A
  • Left and right atrium

- Left and right ventricle

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14
Q

Blood enters the heart through what chamber?

A

Atrium

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15
Q

Blood exists the heart through what chamber?

A

Ventricle

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16
Q

What does the systemic circuit do?

A

carries oxygenated blood (arterial blood) to body cells/tissues/organs

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17
Q

What is the path of the systemic circuit?

A

Begins w/ LEFT VENTRICLE of art (ejects blood in the aorta) and ends w/ the RIGHT ATRIUM (collects returning blood)

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18
Q

How does the systemic circuit distribute blood?

A

in PARALLEL manner

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19
Q

What are major recipients of blood?

A

Kidneys, GI system, skeletal muscle, brain, skin, heart

also liver, bone

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20
Q

What does the pulmonary circulation do?

A

carries de-oxygenated blood (“venous blood”) to the lungs, RELOADS with OXYGEN, and empties with CO2

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21
Q

What is the path of the pulmonary circuit?

A

Begins w/ RIGHT VENTRICLE (ejects blood into the pulmonary trunk) and ends w/ LEFT atrium (collects returning blood)

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22
Q

Fluids move against what?

A

Pressure gradients

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23
Q

Pressure is higher in what?

A

Arteries (not veins)- thicker wall can resist pressure

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24
Q

What is cardiac output

A

the value for the amount of fluid that moves through the heart at a given time

  • pumped by ventricle
  • same for both systemic & pulmonary circuits
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25
What is the value of cardiac output?
5 L/min
26
What happens if cardiac output is too much?
Heart could burst
27
What happens if cardiac output is too low?
Cell dies
28
What is the heart made up of?
Cardiac muscle
29
What is the path of blood through the whole body?
Right atrium (deoxy) -> right ventricle -> pulmonary trunk -> lungs (oxy) Left atrium -> left ventricle -> aorta -> body -> right atrium
30
The atria do what?
Receive blood
31
The ventricles do what?
force blood out of heart and into circuits
32
Which ventricle is thicker and has more muscle?
Left bc it has a greater workload
33
How many heart valves are there?
4
34
What are the different valves?
- Left and right atrioventricular valves | - left and right semilunar valve
35
What is the left atrioventricular (AV) valve called?
Bicupsid valve or "mitral" valve
36
What is the right AV valve called?
tricuspid valve
37
What does the mitral valve separate?
left atrium and left ventricle
38
What does the tricuspid valve separate?
right atrium and right ventricle
39
What do AV valves have inside of them?
Chordae tendinae
40
What is chordae tendinae?
stringy tendons connected to the valve cusps and the inner ventricle walls
41
What does chordae tendinae prevent?
Prevents the "prolapse" of the valves into the atria during ventricular contraction
42
What is the name of the muscles in the AV valves?
papillary muscles
43
What do papillary muscles do?
regulate tension in the chordae tendinae and contract simultaneously with the ventricles
44
What is the name of the two semilunar valves?
aortic semilunar and pulmonary semilunar valves
45
What does the aortic semilunar valve separate?
separates the left ventricular chamber from the aorta
46
What does the pulmonary semilunar valve separate?
right ventricular chamber from the pulmonary trunk
47
How do BOTH AV and Semilunar valves open?
in pressure- dependent manners
48
What does it mean when something opens in pressure dependent manners?
They open and close in response to pressure differences between the major vessels and the heart ventricles
49
aortic pressure > ventricular pressure =?
closed valve
50
aortic pressure < ventricular pressure =?
open valve
51
AV and semilunar valves do what together?
open and close
52
what is coronary circulation?
The part of systemic circulation that provides the heart tissue with blood
53
what ensures blood is delivered to heart tissue even if vessels are blocked?
anastomoses (or collateral routes)
54
How does the tissue of the heart get blood?
from the right and left coronary arteries
55
Where do the right and left coronary arteries originate?
the ascending aorta
56
What does the right coronary artery supply?
SA node, AV node, parts of the right atrium, in interventricular septum, and both ventricles
57
What are the 2 branches of the right coronary artery?
marginal and posterior interventricular branch
58
What does the marginal branch supply?
Anterior portions of the right ventricle
59
What does the posterior interventricular branch supply?
posterior portions of both ventricles
60
What does the left coronary artery supply?
SA node, parts of the left atrium, the interventricular septum, and both ventricles
61
What are the two branches of the left coronary artery?
Circumflex and anterior interventricular branch
62
What does the circumflex branch supply?
left atrium and posterior regions of the left ventricle
63
What does the anterior interventricular branch supply?
anterior portions of both ventricles
64
What are the 2 veins of the heart?
great cardiac vein and middle cardiac vein
65
what does the great cardiac vein do?
drains the anterior heart
66
What does the middle cardiac vein do?
drains the posterior heart
67
Where do BOTH veins drain into?
the coronary sinus
68
where does the coronary sinus drain into?
right atrium

Physiology 202 (43 decks)

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