Unit 2 Lecture 11 Flashcards
(33 cards)
What are the primary functions of the respiratory system?
- ventilation and gas exchange
- filtering, warming and humidifying inhaled air
- sound production
- sense of smell
- metabolism of hormones
- acid-base balance
What are the are the 2 main types of respiration?
External and internal respiration
What is external respiration?
exchange of gases between the atmosphere and blood
What is internal respiration?
gas exchange between capillary blood and the cells in tissues
What is the 3rd, less important type of respiration?
cellular respiration
what is cellular respiration?
the use of O2 by cells to produce ATP by oxidizing glucose
What type of circulation (pulmonary or systemic) deals with external respiration?
Pulmonary circulation
What type of circulation deals with internal respiration?
systemic circulation
Name the major organs of respiration
Nose, nasal cavity, oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, with and left pulmonary bronchus, and lungs
What surrounds the larynx in the throat?
the thyroid gland
What happens when vocal cords abduct?
Vocal folds open
What happens when vocal cords adduct?
Vocal folds come together
Label the branching of the bronchial tree
Trachea -> primary bronchi -> secondary bronchi -> tertiary bronchi -> bronchioles -> terminal bronchioles
How do the lungs tie into the respiratory system?
Each lung is sub-divided into bronchopulmonary segments
What is a bronchopulmonary segment?
a portion of the lung that is supplied by a tertiary bronchus
How many bronchopulmonary segments are there in each lung?
10 in right
8 in left
What is each bronchopulmonary segment divided into?
lung lobules
What supplies a single lung lobule?
a terminal bronchiole
What is a lobule?
a small segment of lung that is wrapped in connective tissue
What does a lobule contain?
a lymph vessel, an arteriole, a venule, respiratory bronchioles, and alveolar ducts and alveoli
What are alveoli?
little sacs of the respiratory portion of the bronchial tree
What does the majority of the alveolar wall consist of?
squamous epithelial cells
What are the squamous epithelial cells found in alveolar walls called?
Type 1 alveolar cells
What is the function of type 1 alveolar cells?
their tight junctions prevent fluid leakage into the alveolar air spaces
