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Physiology 202 > Unit 3 Lecture 17 > Flashcards

Unit 3 Lecture 17 Flashcards

1
Q

Define immunity

A

the ability of an organism to resist a particular infection by the action of antibodies or WBCs

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2
Q

What are the two types of immunity within the immune system?

A
  • Innate immunity

- Adaptive immunity

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3
Q

What is innate immunity?

A

Body’s lines of defense against invading pathogens

  • non-specific things that the body does to fight all foreign things
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4
Q

What are the body’s lines of defense?

A
  1. physical barriers
  2. fever
  3. inflammation
  4. cells and chemicals
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5
Q

What is adaptive immunity?

A

Body’s ability to recognize and defeat invading agents (bacteria, viruses, and foreign stuff)

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6
Q

How do you distinguish adaptive immunity from innate immunity?

A
  1. SPECIFICITY for particular foreign antigens and TOLERANCE for self proteins
  2. MEMORY of foreign antigens encountered in the past to fight again
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7
Q

What are cell proteins really made out of?

A

gene codes of amino acids

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8
Q

What is special about amino acids > or equal to 8 in length?

A

human and bacterial protein sequences can be distinguished from each other

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9
Q

What are landmines for molecular information?

A

residual bodies

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10
Q

What are residual bodies?

A

During phagocytosis, its the product of phagosomoes being broken down by lysosomes

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11
Q

What information do residual bodies give us?

A
  1. info about things present in extracellular fluid

2. if something destroyed was foreign

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12
Q

What proteins are found on the body of antigens that ID the different viruses in the body?

A

MHC I and II proteins

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13
Q

What do MHC proteins do?

A

“displays” information in the form of peptides to the immune system

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14
Q

What does the MHC I protein look like?

A

tongs holding a ball

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15
Q

What dos the MHC II protein look like?

A

Worms w a diamond in the middle

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16
Q

What do MHC I and II proteins present?

A

processed antigens to the cells of the immune system

17
Q

Where are the presented antigens from in MHC II?

A

protein components of materials engulfed and digested by phagocytes

18
Q

More specifically, MHC II displays what type of antigen?

A

extracellular antigens

19
Q

Where are the presented antigens from MHC I from?

A

randomly sampled proteins inside the cell

20
Q

More specifically, MHC I displays what type of antigen?

A

Intracellular antigens

21
Q

What is one type of cell that interacts with MHC II presented antigens?

A

Helper T cells CD4

22
Q

What is one type of cell that interacts with MHC I presented antigens?

A

Cytotoxic T cells CD8

23
Q

How does the body tell what is inside of a cell?

A

Random Sampling

*nucleated cells randomly sample the proteins in its cytoplasm

24
Q

Where are MHC I and II proteins synthesized in the cell?

A

Endoplasmic reticulum

25
Q

What must all nucleated cells do?

A

Present their antigens via MHC I

26
Q

What happens to cells that do not present their antigens?

A

cell is killed by NK cells

27
Q

What is the only tool that can inspect MHC I presented antigens?

A

T cell receptors of a T cell

28
Q

What is the purpose of the T cell receptor?

A

It tells a T cell is the antigen presented belongs to the organism or if it is another organisms

29
Q

How is every T cell born with a unique T cell receptor (TCR)?

A

Genetic recombination

30
Q

Where does antigen presentation and recognition occur?

A

Thymus

31
Q

Where do lymphocytes ( B cells and T cells) originate?

A

Red bone marrow

32
Q

Where do B cells mature?

A

Red blood marrow

33
Q

Where do T cells mature?

A

Thymus

34
Q

How to T cells mature?

A

Under positive and negative selection pressures

35
Q

What is negative selection?

A

eliminates T cells that are strongly anti-self

36
Q

What is positive selection?

A

selects T cells with a weak response to self-antigens -> immunocompetent and self-tolerant

37
Q

What conditions allow T cells to live?

A
  • Can recognize self-MHC proteins (positive selection)

- Can’t recognize self-peptides (negative selection)

38
Q

What happens under any other condition for T cells?

A

T cell dies

Physiology 202 (43 decks)

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