Unit 5 Lecture 32

Question 1

List the organs of the urinary system

Answer 1

• kidneys
• ureters
• urinary bladder
• urethra

Question 2

Label kidney functions

Answer 2

• Regulation of blood ionic composition, blood pH and osmolarity, blood glucose, blood volume, blood pressure
• release of erythropoietin and calcitriol
• excretion of wastes and foreign substances

Question 3

What are the kidney’s 3 major physiological functions on blood?

Answer 3

1. filtration
2. reabsorption
3. secretion

Question 4

Do the kidneys deal with blood cells or blood plasma?

Answer 4

BLOOD PLASMA!!!!

Question 5

What happens to 99% of the nutrients/electrolytes in blood plasma?

Answer 5

reabsorbed by blood

Question 6

Define renal threshold

Answer 6

The normal levels of what’s reabsorbed by blood and what is sent to urine

Question 7

What happens if the nutrients/ electrolyte concentration is too high?

Answer 7

Concentration exceeds renal threshold, little is reabsorbed by blood, and most is lost in urine

Question 8

3 Layers of the kidney

Answer 8

renal cortex, medulla and sinus

Question 9

What is the nephron?

Answer 9

functional unit of the kidney

Question 10

What happens to nephrons over age or damage?

Answer 10

they just get bigger …. nephrons are never replaced after birth

Question 11

Name the two parts of the nephron

Answer 11

• renal corpuscle

- renal tubule

Question 12

Function of renal corpuscle

Answer 12

plasma filtration

Question 13

Parts of the renal corpuscle

Answer 13

glomerulus and glomerular capsule

Question 14

Function of glomerulus

Answer 14

filtration occurs

Question 15

function of glomerular capsule

Answer 15

collects filtrate

Question 16

Function of renal tubule

Answer 16

reabsorption from filtrate and secretion into filtrate

Question 17

Parts of renal tubule

Answer 17

• proximal convoluted tubule
• loop of Henle
• distal convoluted tubule

Question 18

What structure comes after the distal convoluted tubule?

Answer 18

collecting duct

Question 19

What makes up the blood capillaries in the glomerulus?

Answer 19

afferent and efferent arterioles

Question 20

What do efferent arterioles branch into?

Answer 20

peritubular network or vasa recta

Question 21

Name the 2 types of nephrons

Answer 21

cortical and juxtamedullary

Question 22

What nephron is the majority?

Answer 22

cortical

Question 23

Where are cortical nephrons found?

Answer 23

mostly in the renal cortex

Question 24

Where are juxtamedullary found?

Answer 24

low into renal medulla

Question 25

What type of blood supply does cortical nephrons have?

Answer 25

peritubular network

Question 26

What type of bloo supply does juxtamedullary nephrons have?

Answer 26

vasa recta

Question 27

What is unique about juxtamedullary loop of henle?

Answer 27

thin and thick ascending limb of loop of henle

Question 28

What type of nerves regulate blood flow and renal (nephron) resistance?

Answer 28

sympathetic vasomotor nerves

Question 29

What produces large changes in renal filtration?

Answer 29

vasoconstriction and vasodilation of afferent and efferent arterioles

Question 30

Where are simple squamous cells found in the nephron?

Answer 30

- parietal layer of glomerular capsule - descending limb of Henle - thin ascending limb of Henle

Question 31

Where are cuboidal cells found in the nephron?

Answer 31

pct, thick ascending limb, dct, and cd

Question 32

Where are microvilli found?

Answer 32

PCT and intercalated cells of the CD

Question 33

Function of microvilli

Answer 33

increases surface area for reabsorption

Question 34

Where are hormonal receptors found?

Answer 34

DCT and principal cells of CD