Unit 1 Lecture 6

Question 1

How does oxygen and nutrients move throughout the body?

Answer 1

Exits blood in capillaries and travels throughout interstitial fluid (ISF)

Question 2

how does CO2 and waste travel in the body in relation to oxygen and nutrients?

Answer 2

in opposite directions

Question 3

What is the blood flow velocity in a capillary?

Answer 3

0.1 cm/sec

Question 4

What is true about capillary density (or thickness) and is work load?

Answer 4

The greater the work load (metabolic activity), the more dense the capillary

Question 5

Define the term capillary bed

Answer 5

Network of capillaries

Question 6

How far are tissue cells from capillaries?

Answer 6

~1-3 cell diameters

Question 7

Are capillaries thin or thick?

Answer 7

THIN

Question 8

Why is it important for capillaries to be thin and tissue cells to be close to them?

Answer 8

It’s easier for substances to diffuse into capillaries when they aren’t thick

Question 9

What are the 3 ways that things can get into capillaries?

Answer 9

1. Intercellular clefts
2. Endothelial cell membranes
3. Fenestrations

Question 10

Define intercellular clefts

Answer 10

Pores in capillaries

Question 11

What typically enters capillaries through intercellular clefts?

Answer 11

Water and small substances

Question 12

What diffuses into capillaries through endothelial cell membranes

Answer 12

Some small molecules and gases

Question 13

What enters capillaries through fenestrations?

Answer 13

large molecules

Question 14

What are the 3 type of capillaries?

Answer 14

continuous, fenestrated and sinusoid capillaries

Question 15

Where are continuous capillaries found?

Answer 15

Lungs, skeletal muscle, and connective tissue

Question 16

Where are fenestrated capillaries found?

Answer 16

Kidneys, endocrine glands, and small intestine etc

Question 17

Where are sinusoid capillaries found?

Answer 17

Liver, spleen, bone marrow and anterior pituitary gland

Question 18

What is active transport?

Answer 18

transport across a membrane that requires energy to get into the cell

Question 19

What is passive transport

Answer 19

transport that doesn’t require energy to enter or leave a cell

Question 20

What are the 3 major ways that materials/ ions travel through cells

Answer 20

1. Diffusion
2. Bulk Flow
3. Transcytosis

Question 21

Define diffusion

Answer 21

movement of molecules/ions from HIGH concentration to LOW concentration until equilibrium is reached

Question 22

Is diffusion active or passive transport?

Answer 22

passive

Question 23

Define bulk flow

Answer 23

movement of a fluid from HIGH pressure to LOW pressure

Question 24

Is bulk flow active or passive transport?

Answer 24

passive

Question 25

Define transcytosis

Answer 25

movement where macromolecules are captured in vesicles on one side of the cell, taken across the cell, and ejected out the other side

Question 26

Is transcytosis active or passive transport?

Answer 26

Active

Question 27

Fluid exchange between ISF and capillaries mainly uses what mode of transport?

Answer 27

Bulk Flow

Question 28

What are the 2 major forces that pushes fluid OUT of capillaries and into ISF? FILTRATION

Answer 28

1. Blood hydrostatic pressure (BHP) | 2. Interstitial fluid osmotic pressure IFOP)

Question 29

What does blood hydrostatic pressure do?

Answer 29

pushes fluid out through the capillary

Question 30

What does interstitial fluid osmotic pressure do?

Answer 30

PULLS fluid out via osmosis

Question 31

Does interstitial fluid osmotic pressure have a higher or lower pressure compared to blood hydrostatic pressure?

Answer 31

Smaller pressure

Question 32

What are the 2 forces that pull fluid INTO capillaries? REABSORPTION

Answer 32

1. Blood colloid osmotic pressure (BCOP) | 2. Interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure (IFHP)

Question 33

What is blood colloid osmotic pressure?

Answer 33

the result of differences in protein concentration between plasma and ISF, which tends to pull water from the ISF and into the capillaries

Question 34

Define net filtration pressure

Answer 34

The difference in the net movement of fluid between the inward and outward pressures

Question 35

What are the systems of outward filtration?

Answer 35

Blood hyrdostatic pressure Interstitial fluid osmotic pressue

Question 36

What are the systems of inward reabsorption?

Answer 36

Blood colloid osmotic pressure Interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure

Question 37

What is the formula for new filtration pressure?

Answer 37

NFP = outward filtration - inward reabsorption

Question 38

What are the major factors that determine fluid movement across capillaries?

Answer 38

Blood Hydrostatic pressure Blood colloid osmotic pressure

Question 39

What does capillary filtration do?

Answer 39

-> fluid washes over tissue cells @ the arterial end carrying nutrients and oxygen

Question 40

What does capillary reabsorption do?

Answer 40

-> return of fluid to capillary @ venous end -> deposits wastes into venous end

Question 41

Does more fluid enter or leave capillaries?

Answer 41

Leaves (3L/day)

Question 42

Where happens to the excess fluid?

Answer 42

Lymphatic vessels absorb it and return it to the circulatory system