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Physiology 202 > Unit 5 Lecture 37 > Flashcards

Unit 5 Lecture 37 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the male repro system composed of and identify their functions?

A
  • Testes: produce sperm
  • Ducts: store and transport sperm
  • Accessory glands
  • Supporting structures
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2
Q

What makes up the ducts of the male repro system?

A
  • Urethra
  • Ejaculatory duct
  • Vas Deferens
  • Epididymis
  • ampulla of vas deferens
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3
Q

What are the accessory glands of the male repro system?

A
  • seminal vesicle
  • prostate
  • bulbourethral (Cowper’s) gland
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4
Q

How much semen is secreted by the seminal vesicle and the prostate?

A

seminal vesicle - 60%

prostate - 25%

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5
Q

Compare the semen fluid in the seminal vesicle, prostate and cowper’s gland

A

seminal vesicle - viscous seminal fluid

prostate - thin seminal fluid

cowper’s gland - mucous like fluid

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6
Q

What is the viscous seminal fluid made of in the seminal vesicle?

A

Fructose, prostaglandins and fibrinogen

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7
Q

Function of fructose

A

fuel for glycolysis for ATP production

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8
Q

Function of prostaglandins

A

Contributes to sperm viability, motility and transport

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9
Q

Function of fibrinogen

A

Aids in coagulation of semen in female reproductive tract

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10
Q

What makes up the thin seminal fluid in the prostate?

A

proteolytic enzymes and seminalplasmin

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11
Q

Function of proteolytic enzymes

A

breaks down clotting proteins from seminal vesicles

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12
Q

Function of seminalplasmin

A

it’s an antibiotic that destroys bacteria

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13
Q

What makes up the mucous like fluid in the cowper’s gland?

A

alkaline fluid

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14
Q

Function of alkaline fluid

A

protects sperm from acids in urine

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15
Q

Label the path of sperm in the testes to epididymis

A

Seminiferous tubules –> straight tubules –> rete testis –> efferent ducts –> epididymis

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16
Q

What are the 2 types of cells found within the testes?

A

Sertoli cells and Leydig cells

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17
Q

Where are sertoli cells are what is their function?

A

Support sperm development within densely packed seminiferious tubules

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18
Q

Where are leydig cells and what is their function?

A

Found within interstitial connective tissue that produces TESTOSTERONE

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19
Q

Define spermatogenesis

A

*The overall process to make sperm

= the conversion of spermatogonia into specialized spermatozoa

20
Q

Label the path from spermatogonia to spermatozoa (sperm cell)

A

Spermatogonia –> primary spermatocyte –> secondary spermatocyte –> spermatid –> spermatozoa (sperm cell)

21
Q

What process must happen before the beginning of spermatogenesis?

22
Q

Define mitosis

A

cell division that results in two types of daughter cells each having the same number and kind of chromosomes

23
Q

After mitosis, what process begins spermatogensis?

A

Differentiation of the spermatogonium into a primary spermatocyte

24
Q

What process happens after differentiation?

25
What happens during Meiosis I?
1 (2n) primary spermatocyte becomes 2 (n) secondary spermatocytes
26
List the 3 unique events of meiosis I
1. tetrad formation (synapsis) 2. crossing over 3. movement of pairs of chromatids towards poles
27
What process happens after Meiosis I?
Meiosis II
28
What happens during Meiosis II?
2 (n) Secondary spermatocytes becomes 4 (n) spermatids
29
What process happens after Meiosis II?
Spermiogenesis
30
What happens during spermiogenesis?
4 spermatids become 4 spermatozoa
31
What 4 parts make up the spermatozoa?
Acrosome, middle piece (mitochondrial sheath), nucleus and tail
32
Function of acrosome
facilitates penetration of SECONDARY OOCYTE
33
Function of middle piece/ mitochondrial sheath
Provides ATP for locomotion
34
Function of nuclues
contains 23 highly condensed chromosomes
35
Function of tail
propels sperm through female repro tract
36
Define spermiation
the release of mature spermatozoa from sertoli cells into the lumen of the seminiferious tubule
37
Define capacitation
final maturation of sperm *occurs within female tract
38
What triggers capacitation?
secretions from the uterus
39
How does the sperm cell penetrate the matrix of the surrounding oocyte?
hyperactivation of tail
40
What causes hyperactivation of the tail?
Ca2+
41
What is Ca2+ the result of?
increased progesterone (produced by women) acting on the male sperm
42
What makes a man infertile?
they don't have the progesterone-binding Ca2+ channels (CATSPER1 null)
43
At puberty, which hormone triggers increased production of LH and FSH?
GnRH (gonadotropin releasing hormone)
44
What does LH do?
stimulates secretion of testosterone by Leydig cells
45
What does FSH do?
promotes spermatogenesis through sertoli cells by stimulating ABP which keeps testosterone high
46
What is something else that sertoli cells release that reduces FSH?
inhibin

Physiology 202 (43 decks)

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