Unit 4 - Environment

Question 1

When is space critical?

Answer 1

On arrival and at the end (before the piggy goes to the market)

Question 2

What does M. hyopneumoniae do to the mucociliary apparatus?

Answer 2

Causes atrophy

Question 3

What does dehydration do to the mucociliary apparatus?

Answer 3

Decreases the fluid layer

Question 4

What does ammonia do to the mucociliary apparatus?

Answer 4

Inhibits cilia movement resulting in reduced clearance of bacteria

Question 5

What does mucociliary apparatus disruption make pig more prone to?

Answer 5

Pneumonia

Question 6

What are the four types of heat loss/gain?

Answer 6

Conductive, convective, evaporative, and radiant

Question 7

What is conductive heat loss/gain?

Answer 7

Heat loss/gain via contact

Question 8

What is convective heat loss/gain?

Answer 8

Heat loss/gain via air movement

Question 9

What is evaporative heat loss/gain?

Answer 9

Heat loss/gain via the skin or respiratory tract

Question 10

What is radiant heat loss/gain?

Answer 10

Heat loss/gain via cold objects at a distance

Question 11

When assessing temperature, what should be assessed?

Answer 11

Effective environmental temperature

Lower and upper critical temperature

Question 12

Describe the thermal environment in equal opportunity nurseries.

Answer 12

Micro comfort boards with cold floors - pigs fight for the best environment; bigger pigs win, smaller ones use

Question 13

What facility design components can improve the pigs environment?

Answer 13

Zone heating
Self-adjusting inlets
Plastic floors
Big pens

Question 14

What does zone heating allow for?

Answer 14

The reduction of room temperature and increase ventilation rate

Question 15

What do self-adjusting inlets do?

Answer 15

Direct air into alley ways for young pigs

Question 16

What do plastic floors do?

Answer 16

Increase effective environmental temperature

Question 17

What do big pens allow for?

Answer 17

Pigs can choose comfortable areas and avoid uncomfortable areas

Question 18

What are the types of ventilation systems in facilities?

Answer 18

Negative pressure, positive pressure, and neutral pressure

Question 19

What is the most common type of ventilation system in facilities?

Answer 19

Negative pressure

Question 20

What ventilation equipment is part of the negative pressure system?

Answer 20

Exhaust fans, passive inlets

Question 21

What ventilation equipment is part of the positive pressure system?

Answer 21

Passive outlets, input fans

Question 22

What ventilation equipment is part of the neutral pressure system?

Answer 22

Fans both in and out

Question 23

What are natural ventilation systems for hot weather?

Answer 23

Breezes and wind

Question 24

What are natural ventilation systems for cold weather?

Answer 24

Thermal buoyancy forces

Question 25

What is the ventilation system that most Iowa farmers use?

Answer 25

Combination - mechanical in cold weather and natural in hot weather

Question 26

How do negative pressure ventilation systems work?

Answer 26

The fans pull old air out of the building As air moves out it creates negative pressure Fresh air is pulled in to the building

Question 27

How do positive pressure ventilation systems work?

Answer 27

Fresh air is pulled in to the building As air is pulled inside positive pressure builds up Old air is then forced out of the building

Question 28

What are the sources of dust/particles in the pigs environment?

Answer 28

Feed, dander, dried feces, microbes, and insects

Question 29

What size (in microns) of dust is respirable?

Answer 29

<5-10 microns

Question 30

What biologically active compounds are in dust/particles?

Answer 30

Endotoxin, beta glucans | Absorbed gases and odors

Question 31

How are dust/particulates controlled?

Answer 31

Reduce production - add fat or oil to diets

Question 32

What should you not do to control dust/particulates because it can make them worse?

Answer 32

Increase ventilation

Question 33

What are the sources of water/humidity in the pigs environment?

Answer 33

Pig respiration, heaters, and outside air

Question 34

What can increase water/humidity in the environment?

Answer 34

Inadequate ventilation at minimum rates

Question 35

What are the pit gasses?

Answer 35

Methane, ammonia, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen sulfide

Question 36

Describe the characteristics of methane.

Answer 36

Lighter than air, odorless, and flammable

Question 37

Describe the characteristics of ammonia.

Answer 37

Lighter than air, sharp odor, and irritation of respiratory tract and eyes

Question 38

What are the sources of carbon dioxide in a pigs environment?

Answer 38

Pig's respiration, heaters, outside air is only 300 ppm

Question 39

How is carbon dioxide reduced in the environment?

Answer 39

Increase ventilation rate

Question 40

What are the sources of ammonia in a pigs environment?

Answer 40

Urine and feces, especially as they dry

Question 41

How can the waste handling system impact ammonia levels?

Answer 41

Levels are increased with scrapers Insufficient water in pigs Rapid air flow across pit surface will cause release of ammonia

Question 42

What increases carbon monoxide levels in a pigs environment?

Answer 42

Malfunctioning heaters - a yellow flame is indicative that there is not enough oxygen

Question 43

What age group is the most susceptible to carbon monoxide?

Answer 43

The fetus - the fetal hemoglobin affinity coefficient is higher than adult hemoglobin

Question 44

In what season are carbon monoxide levels more pronounced?

Answer 44

Hot weather

Question 45

When is hydrogen sulfide released?

Answer 45

From manure pits during agitation

Question 46

When agitating manure pits, what should be done first?

Answer 46

``` Remove pigs Increase ventilation rates Avoid disruption of surface Watch closely Exit building if pigs start passing out ```

Question 47

Why should you leave the building if pigs start passing out when the manure pit is agitated?

Answer 47

H2S is very deadly and there is a certain threshold where it cannot be smelled anymore because it causes olfactory paralysis If you cant smell it you are screwed