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LA Clinical Medicine > Unit 4 - Respiratory > Flashcards

Unit 4 - Respiratory Flashcards

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1
Q

T/F: A small number of pigs that are diagnostically sampled will result in a missed diagnosis.

A

True

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2
Q

What is the primary cause of enzootic pneumonia?

A

Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae

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3
Q

T/F: Most herds are infected with M. hyopneumoniae

A

True

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4
Q

How is M. hyopneumoniae transmitted?

A

Mostly by direct contact

Aerosol is possible

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5
Q

In what swine populations is M. hyopneumoniae often manifested?

A

In finishing populations

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6
Q

T/F: M. hyopneumoniae is fast spreading via vertical transmission.

A

False - slow spreading, through lateral transmission

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7
Q

How is M. hyopneumoniae diagnosed?

A

Based on clinical signs, macrsoscopic lesions, histopath, organism ID, and serology

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8
Q

What clinical signs are associated with M. hyopneumoniae infection?

A

Cough 10 days post infection

Severe sickness in naive herds

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9
Q

What age pig is typically infected by M. hyopneumoniae?

A

Older pigs

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10
Q

What macroscopic lesion is associated with M. hyopneumoniae infection?

A

Cranio-ventral consolidation - non-specific

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11
Q

What characteristic histopathic lesion is associated with M. hyopneumoniae infection?

A

Peribronchiolar lymphocytic cuffing

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12
Q

What tests can be used to ID M. hyopneumoniae?

A

FA, culture, PCR, and IHC

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13
Q

What is the most common vaccine used in growing pigs?

A

PCV2

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14
Q

What is the second most common used vaccine in growing pigs?

A

Mycoplasma vaccine

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15
Q

Are 1 or 2 doses of Mycoplasma vaccination more effective?

A

2

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16
Q

How early should Mycoplasma vaccines be started?

A

Early (3 weeks)

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17
Q

T/F: Maternal antibody probably won’t interfere with Mycoplasma induced protection

A

True

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18
Q

T/F: In order for PRRS eradication, there needs to be Mycoplasma eradication.

A

True

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19
Q

How is M. hyopneumoniae treated?

A

Antibiotics
Control other diseases
Vaccination of other groups

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20
Q

What is the etiologic agent of contagious pleuropneumonia?

A

Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP)

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21
Q

How is APP transmitted?

A

Close contact and short distance aerosols

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22
Q

Where is APP harbored?

A

In the upper airways

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23
Q

What is one of the most common clinical signs associated with APP?

A

The pigs stop eating and drinking

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24
Q

What other clinical signs are associated with APP?

A

Sudden death
Sudden onset of rapid, deep breathing
Minimal cough
Fever initially or if mild-to-moderate; subnormal in severely affected pigs
Hemoptosis and blood from nostrils in agonal phase

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25
What post mortem lesions are associated with APP?
Necrotizing, hemorrhagic, usually multi-focal pneumonia | Pleuritis if pig survives for at least 18 hours
26
What bacteria causes lesions similar to APP?
Actinobacillus suis
27
If APP is found, what should be done?
Mass treatment via injection
28
T/F: APP is one of the only true infectious emergencies in the swine industry.
True
29
How is APP diagnosed initially?
Clinical signs and gross pathology
30
What additional tests can be done to diagnose APP?
Culture and serology
31
Most commercial vaccines for APP are _____.
bacterins
32
When should APP vaccines be administered?
2x at 2-4 week intervals prior to finishing
33
When should you use autogenous vaccines for APP?
If commercial vaccines don't contain the correct serotype or they may have within serotype heterogeneity
34
What side effects are associated with APP?
Injection site reactions | Fever, off-feed, reduced daily gain
35
How is APP treated?
Antibiotics ASAP (injectable >water) Ventilation +/- vaccination Different source of pigs
36
T/F: Actinobacillus suis will behave like APP but less severe and short term
True
37
A. suis is a problem in what herds?
Healthier herds
38
What does A. suis cause?
Generalized septicemia
39
What does A. suis produce?
Type 1 hemolysin
40
T/F: Commercial vaccines are the best route for A. suis prevention.
False - there are no commercial vaccines available
41
How is A. suis treated?
Antibiotics - ensure that you have the correct diagnosis
42
T/F: Pasteurella multocida is a primary cause of pneumonia.
False - something has to cause damage to the lungs in order for it to invade
43
T/F: Medication of pigs with non-APP pneumonia is mostly directed at P. multocida.
True
44
What lesion can P. multocida pneumonia cause?
Pleuritis
45
How is P. multocida pneumonia diagnosed?
Culture and sensitivity | Sort out primary causes
46
How is P. multocida treated?
Antibiotics Environment - ventilation Address other diseases
47
__________ ________ causes atrophic rhinitis. ___________ ________ causes progressive atrophic rhinitis.
Bordatella bronchiseptica | Pasteurella multocida
48
What toxin does P. multocida produce that results in progressive atrophic rhinitis?
AR toxin (dermatonecrotoxin)
49
What are the main capsular types of P. multocida?
Type D, but also type A
50
What clinical signs are associated with atrophic rhinitis?
Deviated snout - sideways or pushed up Tear staining at the medial canthus Sneezing Bleeding from the nostrils
51
What lesions are associated with atrophic rhinitis?
Turbinate atrophy - primarily ventral scroll of the ventral turbinate Septal deviation
52
What is the severity of atrophic rhinitis influenced by?
Air quality and environment Genetics Age of sow herd Weaning age
53
When should pigs be vaccinated against atrophic rhinitis?
Sows should be vaccinated pre-farrowing Gilts should be vaccinated pre-breeding Pigs: If 2 doses - 7 days and weaning If 1 dose - weaning
54
How is atrophic rhinitis treated?
Antibiotics Prevention Environment
55
T/F: Swine influenza is an acceptable term
Nope - we don't want to associate the term with a specific species
56
What strains of swine influenza are in the US?
H1N1, H3N2, H1N2
57
What type of influenza virus infects pigs?
Type A
58
How long is the duration of disease caused by Influenza A virus?
<4-7 days
59
What clinical signs are associated with Influenza A virus?
Variable fever | Respiratory signs 1-2 days post infection - increased rate, thumps, dry cough or wet cough
60
What gross lesions are associated with influenza A virus?
Lesions that look like M. hyopneumoniae
61
What strains are vaccinated against for Influenza A?
H1N1, H3N2
62
When should you vaccinate against Influenza A and why?
Vaccinate sows pre-farrowing so that piglets have protective titers until 12 weeks of age
63
T/F: Pseudorabies virus was eradicated from the US in late 2003
False- it is still present in wild herds, however it was eradicated from commercial herds at this time
64
What clinical signs does pseudorabies cause?
Respiratory disease in any age pigs in addition to CNS signs in neonates and reproductive disease in sows
65
What lesion does pseudorabies occasionally cause?
Necrotic rhinitis
66
T/F: Pseudorabies vaccines are highly effective.
True
67
How is pseudorabies eradicated?
Blanket vaccination to reduce/eliminate shedding and transmission Improve internal biosecurity Improve external biosecurity Monitor closely via serology to determine where failure is occuring
68
What lesion is commonly associated with roundworm infections in pigs?
Milk spots on the liver
69
What lungworm species are commonly found in pigs?
Metastrongylus species (elongatus, pudendotecus, salmi)
70
What is the intermediate host for Metastrongylus spp.?
Earth worm
71
Where do Metastrongylus remain?
Terminal bronchi
72
________ do not work well with whipworms.
Avermectins
73
What is PRCV?
a virus that causes mild respiratory disease in young pigs due to a deletion mutant of the TGE virus
74
What causes inclusion body rhinitis?
Porcine cytomegalovirus
75
Inclusion body rhinitis is a common disease in what group of pigs?
Early nursery pigs
76
What clinical sign is associated with inclusion body rhinitis?
High pitched sneezing
77
Severely affected pigs with inclusion body rhinitis will develop what?
Necrotic rhinitis

LA Clinical Medicine (33 decks)

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