Unit 4 - Identification of Sick Pigs

Question 1

What is the normal posture for a pig?

Answer 1

Sternal or lateral recumbency

Question 2

What abnormal postures can pigs exhibit?

Answer 2

Dog sitting, head extended, arched back, favored limb, and head tilt

Question 3

What does dog sitting indicate?

Answer 3

Pneumonia, pleuritis, and back injury

Question 4

What does head extension indicate?

Answer 4

Respiratory distress

Question 5

What does an arched back indicate?

Answer 5

Pain - lameness, polyerositis

Question 6

Describe normal general behavior that pigs can have.

Answer 6

Curious, avoid confrontation
Will squeal when held or in pain
Bite clothing, boots, and rarely hand or body

Question 7

What are some abnormal general behaviors that pigs can have?

Answer 7

Hyperkinetic

Listless/lethargic/slow

Question 8

What can cause hyperkinetic behaviors in pigs?

Answer 8

Nutritional deficiencies, genetics, CNS disease

Question 9

What can cause listless/lethargic/slow behaviors in pigs?

What does this behavior look like?

Answer 9

Cause: Systemic illness
Appearance: Reluctant or failure to move when stimulated, drooping ears

Question 10

What is the normal flight distance for pigs?

Answer 10

8-10 feet

Question 11

T/F: You should always be wary when around a boar.

Answer 11

True - they can be aggressive especially if they don’t know you

Question 12

What is the typical behavior for a pig to have if you move forward towards them?

Answer 12

They try to backup or turn around and escape

Question 13

Where is the normal blind spot in a pig?

Answer 13

Behind the shoulder and directly behind the pig

Question 14

What should a pigs normal body condition look like?

Answer 14

Hair coat, muscle/fat cover skeleton, full belly

Question 15

What will an unthrifty pig look like?

Answer 15

Skeleton exposed

Hair coat often longer and more dense

Question 16

What will an off-feed pig look like?

Answer 16

Empty belly (36-48 hours after quit eating)

Question 17

When looking at the conformation of a pig, what is the main emphasis on?

Answer 17

Muscle/skeleton - proper angulation of limbs, even toe size

Question 18

What abnormal reproductive conformations can pigs have?

Answer 18

Abnormal vulva/hermaphrodites

Abnormal underline

Question 19

What is the desired number of functioning teats a pig should have?

Answer 19

14+

Question 20

Pigs are marginally ________ meaning their temperature will _______ with stress (little pigs) and will ______ with high ambient temperatures.

Answer 20

Homeothermic
Increase
Increase

Question 21

What is skin evaluated for?

Answer 21

Hair coat - length and density
Rough/excorations - mange mites
Lice
Rub marks

Question 22

What does superficial conjunctival congestion indicate?

Answer 22

Insects

Question 23

What does tearing indicate?

Answer 23

Plugged lacrimal ducts or excessive production from irritation

Question 24

What are the ears evaluated for?

Answer 24

Hematomas, cannibalism, and necrosis

Question 25

What does lateral/dorsal nose deviation indicate?

Answer 25

atrophic rhinitis

Question 26

What does nose swelling indicate?

Answer 26

Bull nose or improper teeth clipping

Question 27

What can cause nasal discharge?

Answer 27

Blood with atrophic rhinitis, mucus/pus with inclusion body rhinitis

Question 28

What tail malformations can occur in pigs?

Answer 28

Too short, too long, or cannibalism

Question 29

T/F: Once a pig is pulled from a pen, they will be returned to the pen once they have healed.

Answer 29

False - they will not be returned to that pen - they have to establish a new hierarchy in their new pen

Question 30

What does normal stool look like in sows and young pigs?

Answer 30

Well formed, dark gray/green color

Question 31

What does normal stool look like in older pigs?

Answer 31

Formed but softer, green to yellow

Question 32

Red stool indicates what?

Answer 32

Lower bowel hemorrhage

Question 33

Black stool indicates what?

Answer 33

Upper bowel hemorrhage

Question 34

White stool indicates what?

Answer 34

Malabsorption

Question 35

Odorous stool indicates what?

Answer 35

TGE/PED

Question 36

Mucousy stool indicates what?

Answer 36

dysentery

Question 37

What breathing pattern is indicative of pneumonia?

Answer 37

Thumps - pronounced/abdominal/labored pattern

Question 38

What breathing pattern is indicative of hyperthermia?

Answer 38

Tachypnea, no labored pattern

Question 39

What is the breathing pattern highly dependent on?

Answer 39

environmental temperature

Question 40

If there is a productive cough suggestive of airway disease, what is the likely cause?

Answer 40

IAV

Question 41

If there is a non-productive cough suggestive of airway disease, what is the likely cause?

Answer 41

M. hyopneumoniae

Question 42

If the cough is not suggestive of airway disease, what are the top differentials?

Answer 42

PRRSV, PCV2, and APP

Question 43

What does presence of hemoptysis indicate?

Answer 43

APP

Question 44

How do pigs with lameness present?

Answer 44

Favor one limb - alter posture if multiple limbs are involved

Question 45

What foot lesions can be found?

Answer 45

Bruises, cracks, overgrown

Question 46

What legs are typically affected by splay leg?

Answer 46

Usually rear legs

Question 47

Arthritis is most common in what group?

Answer 47

Young pigs

Question 48

What are signs of OCD in pigs?

Answer 48

Splay legs in sows due to fracture of the tuber ischium Unilateral rear leg lameness due to fracture of femoral cap Joint mice in stifle

Question 49

What are signs of pain?

Answer 49

Grind teeth, squeal when moved

Question 50

What is normal post-farrowing discharge like?

Answer 50

Small amount of clear fluid, no odor

Question 51

What is abnormal post-farrowing discharge like?

Answer 51

Increased volume, red-brown color, foul odor

Question 52

What is post-breeding discharge indicative of?

Answer 52

They are not pregnant

Question 53

What is late gestational discharge often associated with?

Answer 53

Pregnancy

Question 54

What does red-brown fluid from the urinary tract indicate?

Answer 54

Cystitis/nephritis

Question 55

What CNS signs can/do pigs exhibit?

Answer 55

``` Convulsions Hyperextension Rigidity Head tilt Circling Extension of head in ratcheting patter with deprivation ```

Question 56

T/F: CNS signs are typically of infectious origin.

Answer 56

True

Question 57

Where is the most common location for intravenous injections in pigs?

Answer 57

In the ear vein