Unit 4B-Memory

Question 0

Flashbulb memories

Answer 0

A memory of an emotionally significant moment or event/build memories are usually very vivid

Question 1

Memory

Answer 1

The persistence of learning overtime and through the storage and retrieval of information

Question 2

Atkinson and shiffrin three stage processing model

Answer 2

Tell memory is processed. Processes include encoding storage and retrieval

Question 3

Encoding

Answer 3

The processing of information into the memory system for example by extracting meaning

Question 4

Storage

Answer 4

The retention of encoded information overtime

Question 5

Retrieval

Answer 5

The process of getting information out of memory storage

Question 6

Sensory memory

Answer 6

The immediate, initial recording of sensory information in the memory system. Whatever you hear taste smell etc. it is the gateway of perception and the senses

Question 7

Short-term memory

Answer 7

Activated memory that holds a few times briefly such as the seven digits of the phone number while dialing, before the information is stored or forgotten. Working memory is a similar concept that focuses more on the processing of briefly stored information. Hold information from 20 seconds to a minute

Question 8

Working memory

Answer 8

How we attend to rehearse and manipulate information in temporary storage

Question 9

Long term memory

Answer 9

The relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system. 2,500,000 GB of information. If information is lost it is usually due to retrieval failure or storage decay.

Question 10

Levels of processing model

Answer 10

We remember by examining how deeply our memory was processed or thought about

Question 11

Selective attention

Answer 11

The capacity for or process of reacting to certain stimuli selectively one several occur simultaneously. Only focusing on one thing-good for encoding because it helps us decipher what is important.

Question 12

Automatic processing

Answer 12

Unconscious encoding of incidental information, such a space, time, and frequency, and of well-learned information, such as word meanings.

Question 13

Effortful processing

Answer 13

Encoding that requires attention and conscious effort.

Question 14

Herman Ebbinghaus

Answer 14

The pioneering research or a verbal memory. Scientifically study memory. One amount remember depends on how much you dedicated to learn it. Two: 90% of the stuff we learned goes away within a month without effortful processing

Question 15

Rehearsal

Answer 15

The conscious repetition of information, either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage

Question 16

Maintenance rehearsal

Answer 16

A type of memory rehearsal that is useful in maintaining information in short-term memory or working memory. To keep an item until you need it and use it.

Question 17

Elaborative rehearsal

Answer 17

A memory technique that involves thinking about the meaning of the term to be remembered, as opposed to simply repeating the word to yourself over and over. Organization and understanding of information encoded until transferred to our long-term memory

Question 18

Over learning

Answer 18

The repeated practice of a skill or study of material to further strengthen memory and performance

Question 19

Spacing effect

Answer 19

The tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention and is achieved through math study or practice. Learning little by little; learning is distributed

Question 20

Serial position effect

Answer 20

Our tendency to recall the best the last and first items in a list

Question 21

Primacy and recency

Answer 21

Primacy is the first part of the list and recency is the last part of the list.

Question 22

Symantec encoding

Answer 22

Encoding of meaning including the meaning of words. Odoriferous

Question 23

Acoustic encoding

Answer 23

The encoding of sound especially the sound of words. Word rhymes like mnemonic devices

Question 24

Visual encoding

Answer 24

Encoding of picture images

Question 25

Imagery

Answer 25

Mental pictures: a powerful aid to effortful processing, especially when combined with semantic encoding it

Question 26

Mnemonic devices

Answer 26

Memory aids, especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices. The method of Loki or the link method is used by associating things with something you are very familiar with. The pen word method is when is a jingle and it it’s like for lists like one gun to shoot three tree for door and you associate things with those words

Question 27

Chungking

Answer 27

Organizing items into familiar, manageable units; often occurs automatically

Question 28

George Sperling

Answer 28

Tested how much people remembered one shown glimpses at one 20th of a second. The people only remembered about half of the letter shown

Question 29

Iconic memory

Answer 29

A momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli; a photographic or picture image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second

Question 30

Echoic memory

Answer 30

A momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli; if attention is elsewhere, sounds in words can still be recalled within three or four seconds

Question 31

Magic number seven

Answer 31

I was short-term memory usually only stores about seven bits of information; seven numbers in the phone, seven seas, seven primary colors, seven days of the week

Question 32

Long-term potential Asian

Answer 32

Or LTP, an increase in the synapses firing potential after brief, rapid stimulation. Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory

Question 33

Kendall and Schwartz

Answer 33

Observe changes in the sending neuron in the simple animal the California CCU up Leasia it’s a mere 20,000 or so nerve cells are usually large and accessible enabling the researchers to observe synaptic changes during learning. The ones who were shocked remember things better then the ones who were just petted

Question 34

Antero grade amnesia

Answer 34

A loss of the ability to create new memories after the event that caused amnesia, leading to a partial or complete inability to recall the recent past, or long-term memories from before the event to remain intact. Your member up to a certain point but nothing after that anything you

Question 35

Retrograde amnesia

Answer 35

You forget memories from the past.

Question 36

Implicit memory

Answer 36

Retention independent of conscious recollection. Also called procedural memory. Memory of skills, memories of preferences, dispositions

Question 37

Explicit memory

Answer 37

Memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and declare her. Also called declarative memory

Question 38

Episodic memory

Answer 38

A branch of explicit memory that relates to facts and general knowledge. Stores it is meanings, categories, or facts themselves

Question 39

The hippo campus and memory

Answer 39

A neural center located in the limbic system that helps process explicit memories for storageputs what we learn into memory. If gone, enter a greater media. Not a permanent storage

Question 40

The cerebellum and memory

Answer 40

Works with implicit memories process is implicit memories

Question 41

The amygdala in memory

Answer 41

Processes emotions

Question 42

Recall

Answer 42

A measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learned earlier, I was on the fill in the blank test

Question 43

Recognition

Answer 43

A measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned, as on the multiple choice test

Question 44

Relearning

Answer 44

A memory measure that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time

Question 45

Semantic network theory web of associations

Answer 45

A graphic notation for representing knowledge and patterns of interconnected nodes and arts. The brain creates new memories by associating them to previous memories

Question 46

Priming

Answer 46

The activation, often unconsciously of particular associations in memory

Question 47

State dependent theory

Answer 47

The phenomenon through which memory retrieval is most efficient when an individual is in the same state of consciousness as they were when the memory was formed

Question 48

Mood congruent theory

Answer 48

The tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with one’s current good or bad mood.

Question 49

Encoding specificity principle

Answer 49

Provides a framework for understanding how contextual information affect memory and recall

Question 50

Deja vu

Answer 50

The Erie sense that: I’ve experienced this before.: cues from the current situation may subconsciously trigger retrieval of an earlier experience

Question 51

Storage decay

Answer 51

A type of forgetting that occurs when memories fade over time

Question 52

Proactive interference

Answer 52

The disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information

Question 53

Retro active recall

Answer 53

The disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information

Question 54

Repression

Answer 54

In psychoanalytic theory, the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety arousing of thoughts, feelings and memories

Question 55

Elizabeth Loftus

Answer 55

Studied the existence of false memories

Question 56

Reconstruction

Answer 56

The process of recalling a series of stimuli in the order that they were represented

Question 57

Miss information effect

Answer 57

Incorporating misleading information into one’s memory of an event. Adding leading questions

Question 58

Leading questions

Answer 58

A question asked in such a way to suggest the answer

Question 59

Memory gaps

Answer 59

Fill them in with guesses and assumptions

Question 60

Imagination and memory

Answer 60

Your imagination and perception of how the memory should have not been influence your actual memory and can cause false memories

Question 61

Source amnesia

Answer 61

Attributing to the wrong source an event that we have experienced, heard about, right about, or imagined also called source misattribution. Source of Niger along with the misinformation effect is at the heart of many false memories. One must have physical evidence and other validated reports of the event