Unit 5 (pt. 2): Reading

Question 1

Intelligence

Answer 1

The mental quality consisting of the ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations.

Question 2

Factor Analysis

Answer 2

A statistical procedure that identifies clusters of related items. Used on intelligence tests

Question 3

Savant Syndrome

Answer 3

A condition in which a person otherwise limited in mental ability has an exceptional specific skill

Question 4

Gardner vs. Sternberg’s theories of intelligence

Answer 4

Gardner: 8 Intelligences
Sternberg: 3 Intelligences

Question 5

Emotional Intelligence

Answer 5

The ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use emotions

Question 6

Intelligence vs. Anatomy of the brain

Answer 6

People who score higher on intelligence tests have slightly larger brains, especially in the frontal and parietal lobes

Question 7

Spearman

Answer 7

“G”, a basic intelligence predicts our abilities in varied academic areas

Question 8

Thurstone

Answer 8

Our intelligence can be broken down into seven factors

Question 9

Gardner

Answer 9

Our abilities are best classified into eight independent intelligences, which include a broad range of skills beyond traditional school smarts

Question 10

Sternberg

Answer 10

Our intelligence is best classified into three areas that predict real-world success, analytical, creative, and practical

Question 11

When and why were intelligence tests created?

Answer 11

When - 1880s
Why - Francis Galton wanted to use Darwin’s ideology to attempt to measure a single intelligence factor to encourage those with high intelligence to mate

Question 12

Alfred Binet

Answer 12

Created the IQ test to measure how well a child would do in school using the concept of mental age

Question 13

Mental age (IQ)

Answer 13

Chronological age that most typically corresponds to a given level of performance, (mental age/actual age x 100)

Question 14

Stanford-Binet test

Answer 14

The widely used American revision of Binet’s original intelligence test

Question 15

Negative sides of intelligence tests

Answer 15

• Work well for children, not for adults
• Relate to eugenics

Question 16

Achievement vs. Aptitude test

Answer 16

Achievement - measure what you have learned
Aptitude - predict your ability to learn

Question 17

Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale

Answer 17

The most widely used intelligence test. Contains verbal and performance substests

Question 18

Standardization

Answer 18

Creating meaningful scores by comparing performance to a pre-tested group

Question 19

Normal curve

Answer 19

Symmetrical, bell-shaped curve that describes the distribution of many physical and psychological attributes, including intelligence tests

Question 20

Reliability

Answer 20

The extent to which a test yields consistent results

Question 21

Validity

Answer 21

The extent to which a test predicts what it is supposed to

Question 22

Cross-sectional vs. longitudinal evidence

Answer 22

Cross-sectional - looking at a variety of groups at one time
Longitudinal - looking at the same group over time

Question 23

Fluid vs. Crystallized Intelligence

Answer 23

Crystallized - accumulated knowledge and verbal skills
Fluid - Our ability to reason speedily and abstractly

Question 24

IQ Stability over Lifespan

Answer 24

Usually stays the same with age

Question 25

Low vs. High intelligence extremes

Answer 25

Low intelligence - Trouble with conceptual skills, social skills, and practical skills
High intelligence - Attain high levels of education, more isolated, tend to be more successful in life than others

Question 26

Intellectual disability

Answer 26

A condition of limited mental ability, indicated by an IQ score of 70 or below

Question 27

Down syndrome

Answer 27

A condition of mild to severe intellectual disability and associated physical disorders caused by and extra copy of chromosome 21

Question 28

Heritability

Answer 28

Proportion of variation among individuals that we can attribute to genes.

Question 29

Gender differences in intelligence scores

Answer 29

Men have skills that would have helped them hunt and track prey, women have skills that would have helped them remember the location of edible plants

Question 30

Stereotype threat

Answer 30

A self confirming concern that one will be evaluated based on a negative stereotype