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Psychology > Unit 8: Review > Flashcards

Unit 8: Review Flashcards

1
Q

Psychological Disorder

A

A syndrome marked by a clincally significant disturbannce in an individual’s cognition, emotion, regulation, or behavior

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2
Q

ADHD

A

A psychological disorder marked by one or more three key symptoms; extreme inattention, hyperactivity, and impylsivity.

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3
Q

Medical Model

A

The concept that psychological disorders have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and in most cases, cured

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4
Q

Biosychosocial approach

A

All behavior, whether normal or disordered, arises from the interaction of nature and nurture

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5
Q

DSM-5

A

Describes criteria for diagnosis and defines who is eligible for treatments

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6
Q

What makes people more susceptible to developing psychological disorders?

A

Factors such as family disorganization, low socioeconomic status, and poor work skills and habits

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7
Q

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

A

A person is unexplainably and continually tense and uneasy

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8
Q

Panic Disorder

A

A person experiences suddeen episodes of intense dread (panic attacks)

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9
Q

Phobias

A

A person is intensely annd irrationally afraid of a specific object or situation

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10
Q

Agoraphobia

A

The fear or avoidance of situations in which escape may be difficult when panic strikes

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11
Q

Social Anxiety Disorder

A

An intense fear of being scrutinized by others

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12
Q

OCD

A

Unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessiions) and/or actions (compulsions)

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13
Q

PTSD

A

Characterized by haunting memories, nightmares, social withdrawl, jumpy anxiety, numbness of feeling, and/or insomnia that lingers for four weeks or more after a traumatic expereince

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14
Q

Posttramautic Growth

A

Describes those who have experienced tramatic events, but, instead of developing PTSD, they experience a positive psychological change

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15
Q

Learning Perspective

A

Anxieties are learned thorugh conditioning by being reinforced by a person avoiding or escaping a feared situation

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16
Q

Biological Perspective

A

Fears and anxieties we develop are due to our species history of learning to avoid things to aid survival

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17
Q

Mood disorders

A

Characterized by extreme emotions

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18
Q

Major Depressive Disorder

A

Where one experiences prolonged hopelessness andd lethargy

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19
Q

Bipolar Disorder

A

Alternating between depression and mania

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20
Q

Anxiety vs. Depression

A

Anxiety - response to the threat of future loss
Depression - response to past and current loss

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21
Q

Men vs. Women (depression)

A

Women are twice as likely to be depressed. Preadolescent girls and boys have the same chance of being derpressed

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22
Q

Biological view on depression

A

Mood disorders run in familes

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23
Q

Social-Cognitive view on depression

A

Depressed people view life with negative assumptions about themselves

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24
Q

How to relieve depression

A

Drugs that increase serotonion and norepinephrine, physical exercise, healthy diet

25
Q

Learned Helplessness & Depression

A

People experienced learned helplessness after uncontrollable painful events, they feel as though everything is out of control and become depressed

26
Q

Schizophrenia

A

Characterized by delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and/or diminished or inappropriate emotional expressions

27
Q

Psychosis

A

Losing contact with reality. Experiencing irrational ideas and distorted perceptions

28
Q

Delusions

A

False beliefs. Ex: “I’m the king of England”

29
Q

Hallucinations

A

Sensory experiences without sensory stimulation. Usually auditory (hearing voices)

30
Q

Selective attention & schizophrenia

A

People with schizophrenia do not have selective attention (our ability to give our undivided attention to one set of stimuli while filtering out others). Irrelevant stimuli will distract people with schizophrenia.

31
Q

Flat Affect

A

When people with Schizophrenia go into an emotionless state

32
Q

Catatonia

A

When people with Schizophrenia remain motionless for hours and then become agitated

33
Q

Positive vs. Negative symptoms

A

Positive - presence of inapproapriate behaviors (hallucinations)
Negative - absence of appropriate behaviors (having no emotions)

34
Q

Brains & Schizphrenia

A

People with Schiz

35
Q

Brains & Schizphrenia

A

People with Schizophrenia have excess receptors for dopamine, which explains positive symptoms. Also abnormal acitivity in multiple brain areas

36
Q

Pregnancy & Schizophrenia

A

A mid preganacy viral infection increases the baby’s chance of having schizophrenia

37
Q

Somatic Symptom Disorder

A

A psychological disorder in which the symptoms take bodily form without apparent physical cause

38
Q

Conversion Disorder

A

A disorder in which a person experiences a specific genuine physical symptom but no physiological basis can be found

39
Q

Illness Anxiety Disorder

A

Person interprets normal physical senstations as symptoms of a disease

40
Q

Dissociative Disorders

A

Disorders in which conscious awareness becomes separated from previous memories, thoughts, or feelings

41
Q

Anorexia Nervosa

A

Eating disorder - starvation diet is maintained despite being 15% or more underweight

42
Q

Avoidant Personaility Disorder

A

Having chronic feelings of inadequacy and are highly sensitive to being nnegatively judged by others

43
Q

Schizoid Personality Disorder

A

Consistent pattern of detachment from and general disinterest in social relationships

44
Q

Narcissistic Personality Disorder

A

Unreasonably high sense of your own importance

45
Q

Antisocial Personality Disorder

A

(Sociopath) Lack of conscience for wrongdoing, even towards friends and family members

46
Q

Psychologists who pushed for humane treatment

A

Philippe Pinel
Dorothea Dix

47
Q

Psychoanalysis

A

Focuses on the unconcious using free association

48
Q

Insight Therapy

A

Aim to improve psychological functioning by increasing a person’s awareness of underlying motives and defenses

49
Q

Client-Centered Therapy

A

Therapist uses techniques such as active listening within a genuine accepting, empathetic evionrmen

50
Q

Behavior Therapy

A

Believes that problem behaviors are THE problem, and look to fix them and not look into the deeper meaning - uses counterconditioning

51
Q

Aversive conditioning

A

A type of counterconditioning - associates an unpleasent state with unwanted behavior

52
Q

Cognitive Therapy

A

Teaches people new, more adaptive ways of thinking

53
Q

REBT

A

Rational-emotive behavior therapy - confrontational therapy that vigorously challenges peoples self-defeating attitudes and assumptions

54
Q

ECT

A

Sends a brief electric current through the brain of a severely depressed paitent

55
Q

rTMS

A

Repeated pulses of magnetic energy to the brain. The paitent is awake

56
Q

Carl Rodgers

A

Person-centered therapy (a form of humanistic therapy). Unconditional positive regard

57
Q

Joseph Wolpe

A

Systematic Desensitization

58
Q

Aaron Beck

A

Suggested that depressed patients believe that they can never be happy

Psychology (22 decks)

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