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Psychology > Unit 7: Review > Flashcards

Unit 7: Review Flashcards

1
Q

Motivation

A

A need or desire that energizes and directs behavior

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2
Q

Instinct

A

A complex, unlearned behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species

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3
Q

Homeostasis

A

A tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state

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4
Q

Drive Reduction Theory

A

A physiological need creates an aroused tension state, which motivates the organism to satisfy that need

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5
Q

Yerkes-Dodson

A

Performance increases with arousal only up to a point, then performance decreases

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6
Q

Maslow’s hierarchy of needs

A

Describes what needs must be met in order to satisfy other, less important needs

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7
Q

What physiological factors produce hunger?

A

The hypothalamus receives a signal of a drop in glucose, so it secretes appetite-stimulating hormones

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8
Q

Glucose

A

The form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides for the major source of energy for the body tissues

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9
Q

Set point

A

The point at which an individual’s weight is set, when the body falls below or above it, it changes energy output

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10
Q

Basal Metabolic Rate

A

The body’s resting rate of energy expenditure

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11
Q

Stages of the sexual response cycle

A

Excitement - Genitals become engorged with blood
Plateau - Excitement peaks as breathing pulse and blood pressure rates increase
Orgasm - Muscle contractions happen all over the body
Resolution - Body returns to its unaroused state and the refractory period starts again

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12
Q

Men vs. Women refractory period

A

Men is longer

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13
Q

Humans vs. other animals (sex hormones)

A

Sex hormones govern human behaviors less rigidly than the behaviors of other species

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14
Q

Why do humans have an affiliation need?

A

Humans survive and reproduce better in groups

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15
Q

Insecure anxious attachment

A

Constantly craving acceptance but remaining vigilant to signs of possible rejection

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16
Q

Insecure avoidant attachment

A

Feelings of discomfort over getting close to others

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17
Q

James-Lange theory

A

Our experience of emotion is our awareness of our physiological responses to emotion arousing stimuli

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18
Q

Cannon-Bard theory

A

Emotion arousing stimuli trigger the physiological response and the experience of emotion at the same time

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19
Q

Two-factor theory

A

AKA Shatcher-Singer, Emotions have two ingredients - physical arousal and cognitive appraisal

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20
Q

Zajanc/LeDoux

A

Some emotional responses, like simple likes, dislikes, and fears, involve no conscious thinking

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21
Q

Lazarus

A

Emotions arise when we apprise an event as harmless or dangerous

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22
Q

Women vs. Men (Reading facial expressions)

A

Women can detect facial expressions better

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23
Q

Expressing emotions culture to culture

A

Emotional expressions are understood across all cultures but the way they are expressed is different

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24
Q

Facial Feedback Effect

A

The emotion you display makes you feel that

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25
Q

Behavior Feedback Phenomenon

A

Your behavior dictates what emotions you feel

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26
Q

Health Psychology

A

Provides psychologys contribution to behavioral medicine

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27
Q

Stress apprasial

A

How you interpret a stressor

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28
Q

Stress

A

The process by which you perceive and respond to certain events

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29
Q

General Adaptation Syndrome

A

Alarm, Resistance, Exhaustion

30
Q

Tend-and-Befriend response

A

More common in women, people provide support to others and bond with and seek support from others

31
Q

Psychophysiological illnesses

A

“Mind body” illness; any stress related physical illness

32
Q

Lymphocytes

A

Two types of white blood cells that are part of the body’s immune system: B and T types

33
Q

Type A vs. Type B

A

Type A is more aggressive and competitive, Type B is more easygoing. Type A has a higher risk of heart attack

34
Q

Unconsious mind

A

Freud’s theory of personality that he attributes unconscious motives and conflicts to

35
Q

Psychoanalysis + Free Association

A

Free Association is where people say their unfiltered train of thoughts, then get psychoanalyzed

36
Q

Id

A

A reservoir of the unconscious, Wants immediate pleasure. Wants to satisfy aggressive and sexual needs

37
Q

Ego

A

The largely conscious executive part of the personality that mediates the demands of the id, superego, and reality.

38
Q

Superego

A

The part of the personality that represents internalized ideals and standards of judgment

39
Q

Freud’s Psychosexual Stages

A

Oral - mouth
Anal - pooing and peeing
Phallic - incest
Latency - no sexual feelings
Genital - normal sexual feelings

40
Q

Oedipus Complex

A

A boy’s sexual desires for his mother and hatred for his father

41
Q

Psychodynamic Theories

A

Modern-day approaches to Psychosexual Stages

42
Q

Neo-Freudian’s ideas vs Freuds

A

Neo-Freudians - shared similar ideas, but paced more emphasis on the conscious mind and doubted that sex and aggression were all-consuming motivations

43
Q

Alfred Adler

A

Neo-Freudian. Much of our effort is to conquer childhood inferiority

44
Q

Karen Horney

A

Neo-Freudian. Childhood anxiety triggers our desire for love and security

45
Q

Carl Jung

A

Believed we have a collective unconscious of memory that traces from our species’ history

46
Q

Projective test

A

A personality test designed to reveal hidden emotions and internal conflicts

47
Q

Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)

A

A projective test where people make up stories about ambiguous scenes

48
Q

Rorscach inkblot test

A

The most widely used projective test, used to identify people’s inner feelings by analyzing their interpretations of ink blots

49
Q

False consensus effect

A

We tend to overestimate the extent to which others share our beliefs and our behaviors

50
Q

Terror-Management Thoery

A

A theory of death-related anxiety; explores people’s emotional and behavioral responses to reminders of their impending death

51
Q

Humanism

A

Views psychology with a focus on the potential for healthy human growth

52
Q

Abraham Maslow

A

Humanist - Proposed we are motivated by a hierarchy of needs, and ultimately seek self-actualization

53
Q

Carl Rogers

A

Humanist - growth requires genuineness, acceptance, and empathy (person-centered response)

54
Q

Self-concept

A

Answer to the question “Who am I”. If we do not feel like our ideal self, we feel dissatisfied and unhappy

55
Q

Gordon Allport’s traits vs. Freud’s psychoanalytic theory

A

Allport believed we all had special measurable traits, and was more concerned with describing them than explaining them

56
Q

MBTI test

A

Personality test that categorizes individuals into one of 16 personality types

57
Q

Eysenck Personality Questionare

A

Measures an individual’s personality along three dimensions

58
Q

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory

A

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory

59
Q

“Big Five” Scale

A

Measures the five most important traits in predicting personality: Conscientiousness, Agreeableness, Emotional Stability, Openness, Extravesion

60
Q

Person-Situation Controversy

A

Looking for genuine personality traits that persist over time and across situations

61
Q

Social-Cognitive Perspective

A

Proposed by Albert Bandura, it views behavior as influenced by the interaction between people’s traits and their social context

62
Q

Behavioral Approach

A

Focuses on the effects of learning on our personality development

63
Q

Reciprocal Determinism

A

The interacting influences of behavior, internal cognition, and the enviornment

64
Q

Positive Psychology

A

The scientific study of optimal human functioning; aims to discover and promote strengths and virtues that enable individuals and communities to thrive

65
Q

Overconfidence effect

A

Tendency for individuals to overestimate their abilities and knowledge. Leads to errors in judgment and decision-making

66
Q

Self

A

Refers to an individual’s personal identity and sense of who they are

67
Q

Spotlight effect

A

The tendency for an individual to overestimate the extent to which others pay attention to them

68
Q

Self-Esteem

A

An individuals overall evaluation of their worth or value as a person

69
Q

Self-Efficany

A

An individual’s belief in their ability to successfully complete tasks and achieve goals

70
Q

Self-Serving bias

A

The tendeny to attribute your successes to internal factors and your failures to external factors

Psychology (22 decks)

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