Urinary I

Question 1

organs of the urinary system

Answer 1

kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra

Question 2

purpose of urinary system

Answer 2

eliminate waste from body, regulate blood volume/pressure, control levels of electrolytes/metabolites, regulate pH of blood

Question 3

fluid components (most to least)

Answer 3

intracellular fluid, interstitial fluid, plasma, other fluid

Question 4

intracellular fluid

Answer 4

cytosol within individual cells

Question 5

plasma

Answer 5

liquid component of blood

Question 6

waste products dump into

Answer 6

interstitial fluid and components make their way to plasma to be cleaned

Question 7

functions of urinary system include

Answer 7

storage of urine, excretion of urine, regulation of blood volume, regulation of erythrocyte production, regulation of ion levels, regulation of acid base balance, elimination of metabolic waste, regulation of water balance

Question 8

regulation of erythrocyte production

Answer 8

kidney measure blood oxygen level and release hormones accordingly (stimulate stem cells in red bone marrow increase production of erythrocytes)

Question 9

regulation of ion levels

Answer 9

controls levels of potassium , sodium, calcium, phosphate

Question 10

urinary system position

Answer 10

retroperitoneal

Question 11

left/right kidney responsible for

Answer 11

processing/cleaning blood

Question 12

ureters

Answer 12

responsible for transporting urine

Question 13

urinary bladder

Answer 13

stores urine due to contrast production of urine in kidneys

Question 14

urethra

Answer 14

allows for urine to drain out of the body

Question 15

urinary tract

Answer 15

components that don’t include the kidney (ureters, urethra, urinary bladder)

Question 16

uterus outer tunic

Answer 16

adventitia

Question 17

3 tunics layers of the wall of ureters

Answer 17

mucosa, muscularis, adventitia

Question 18

ureters mucosa lined with

Answer 18

transitional epithelium

Question 19

ureters adventitia tissue

Answer 19

areolar CT

Question 20

female urinary bladder

Answer 20

short urethra, no prostate gland

Question 21

rugae

Answer 21

folds allowing bladder to expand and store more urine

Question 22

detrusor muscle of muscularis

Answer 22

contracts to expel urine

Question 23

internal urethral sphincter muscle

Answer 23

relaxes as detrusor contracts to expel urine

Question 24

external urethral sphincter

Answer 24

contracts voluntarily to prevent movement of urine

Question 25

urinary bladder mucosa layer

Answer 25

made up of transitional epithelium

Question 26

urinary bladder submucosa

Answer 26

dense irregular CT; supports the urinary bladder

Question 27

detrusor 3 smooth muscle layers (innermost to outermost)

Answer 27

longitudinal, circular, longitudinal

Question 28

mictruition

Answer 28

expulsion of urine from the bladder

Question 29

what controls the expulsion of urine?

Answer 29

mictruition reflex

Question 30

process of mictruition

Answer 30

1. extension of bladder excites stretch receptors signaling 2. parasympathetic signals sent to internal urethral sphincter and detrusor muscle 3. voluntary relaxation of external urethral sphincter required 4. abdominal muscle contraction helps empty bladder

Question 31

abdominal muscles that aid in mictruition

Answer 31

rectus abdominis, external/internal abdominal obliques

Question 32

urethra is lined with

Answer 32

mucin producing cells

Question 33

urethra has what muscle

Answer 33

smooth muscle to propel urine

Question 34

female urethra is lined with

Answer 34

stratified squamous epithelium

Question 35

male urethra transports

Answer 35

both urine and semen

Question 36

3 segments of the male urethra

Answer 36

prostatic urethra, membranous urethra, spongy urethra

Question 37

prostatic urethra

Answer 37

travels through prostate gland, transitional epithelial lining

Question 38

membranous urethra

Answer 38

skeletal muscle, pseudostratifieied epithelial lining

Question 39

spongy urethra tissue

Answer 39

psuedostratified ET proximally, psuedostratified squamous ET distally

Question 40

external urethral orifice

Answer 40

opening of urethra

Question 41

position of the superior pole of left kidney

Answer 41

level of T12 vertebrae

Question 42

position of superior pole of right kidney

Answer 42

L3 vertebrae

Question 43

structures that support kidneys

Answer 43

fibrous capsule, perinephric fat, renal fascia, paranephritic fat

Question 44

fibrous capsule

Answer 44

dense irregular CT covering outer surface of kidney

Question 45

perinephric fat

Answer 45

adipose tissue packed around kidney and helps to provide cushioning

Question 46

renal fascia

Answer 46

dense irregular CT anchoring kidney to posterior abdominal wall

Question 47

paranephritic fat

Answer 47

adipose tissue between renal fascia and peritoneum; serve to stabilize and protect kidneys

Question 48

flow pattern of blood

Answer 48

renal arteries > segmental arteries > interlobar arteries > arcuate arteries > interlobular arteries > afferent arterioles > glomerulus > efferent arterioles > peritubular capillaries/vasa recta > interlobular vein > arcuate vein > interlobar vein > renal vein