Human Anatomy > Digestive I > Flashcards

Digestive I Flashcards

(94 cards)

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1
Q

ingestion

A

process of bringing food into the body

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2
Q

where does ingestion occur?

A

oral cavity/mouth

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3
Q

digestion

A

process of reducing food that you brought into body into its basic molecular building blocks

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4
Q

types of digestion

A

mechanical, chemical

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5
Q

mechanical digestion

A

physically breaking apart food

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6
Q

chemical digestion

A

breaking apart food into simplest form through a chemical reaction (breaking bonds)

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7
Q

absorption

A

food is brought across into the body from the GI tract

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8
Q

GI tract

A

hollow tube that travels through the body

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9
Q

where does absorption take place?

A

small intestine and some absorption in the large intestine

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10
Q

what is absorbed in the large intestine?

A

water

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11
Q

what is absorbed in the small intestine?

A

fats, sugars, proteins

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12
Q

egestion

A

getting rid of waste

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13
Q

what is removed during egestion?

A

foods that could not be digested and 2/3rd bacteria in the large intestine

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14
Q

why is bacteria from the large intestine egested?

A

bacteria is constantly dying and being shed

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15
Q

what body cavities does the digestive system run through?

A

ventral cavity (thoracic, abdominopelvic)

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16
Q

serous membrane of digestive system

A

peritoneum

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17
Q

mesentery

A

area where visceral and parietal membrane are touching (serous membrane against serous membrane)

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18
Q

mesentery provides

A

passageway for blood vessels and nerves to get to organs of abdominopelvic cavity

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19
Q

peritoneal membrane forms physical connection between

A

body wall and organs securing them in place

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20
Q

types of mesentery

A

falciform ligament, lesser omentum, greater omentum, mesocolon, retroperitoneal, mesentery proper

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21
Q

falciform ligament

A

mesentery that supports the liver

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22
Q

lesser omentum

A

between inferior liver and lesser curvature of the stomach

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23
Q

greater omentum

A

folds down hanging from inferior stomach to reach transverse colon

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24
Q

mesocolon

A

mesentery of the large intestine

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25
what does the mesocolon secure the colon to?
posterior body wall
26
retroperitoneal is in between
parietal peritoneum and body wall
27
what does the retroperitoneal include?
first 6 inches of small intestine
28
mesentery proper
mesentery of the small intestine
29
cavities of peritoneal membrane
greater peritoneal cavity, lesser peritoneal cavity
30
greater peritoneal cavity
space outside the greater omentum
31
lesser peritoneal cavity
includes space inside greater omentum
32
where is the opening between the greater and lesser peritoneal cavity?
lesser omentum
33
what does the small opening in the lesser omentum allow for?
exchange of fluid between the lesser and greater peritoneal cavity
34
omenta
fold of peritoneum that connects the stomach with another viscera
35
general function of the digestive system
ingest, mix, transport, break down food, absorb digested nutrients, expel waste
36
bolus
when food starts to get mixed with saliva
37
chyme
bolus undergoes chemical and mechanical digestion in the stomach converting into chyme
38
where does bolus travel?
oral cavity to stomach
39
where does chyme travel?
stomach to rest of gastrointestinal tract
40
gastrointestinal tract
continuous tube within body that food passes through
41
organs of GI tract (first to last)
oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, anal canal
42
accessory digestive organs
teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, pancreas
43
oral cavity lines by
nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium
44
oral cavity is bounded by
lips, tongue, teeth
45
teeth are responsible for
mechanical digestion
46
tongue is involved in
mechanical digestion
47
salivary glands are involved in
a little bit of chemical digestion
48
boundaries of oral cavity
roof of mouth, uvula, tonsils, salivary glands, teeth
49
roof of mouth includes
maxilla, palatine bones
50
palatine bones makeup the
hard palate
51
where does the soft palate end?
uvula
52
uvula helps
close off the connection to the nose when swallowing
53
tonsils
masses of lymphatic tissue; immune gatekeepers
54
types of tonsils
palatine, lingual tonsils
55
salivary glands
extend into the oral cavity and secrete saliva
56
saliva makeup
most water, some proteins, and enzymes
57
enzymes aid in
chemical digestion
58
enamel of tooth characteristics
denser/harder than bone, doesn't have capacity to regenerate
59
fauces
opening into the pharynx
60
pharynx
shared passageway for food and air
61
3 regions of the pharynx
nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx
62
nasopharynx
not part of the digestive system; lies above oral cavity
63
orophaynx
shared passageway for food and air; behind oral cavity
64
laryngopharynx
shared passageway for food and air
65
laryngopharynx connects to
esophagus and leads to trachea (for airway)
66
esophagus
soft tube that collapses in on itself when not in use and leads to the stomach
67
food/air passage in the laryngopharynx
air passage stops because food has right of way as the esophagus opens
68
oropharynx and laryngopharynx histology
nonkeratinized stratified squamous lining
69
nonkeratinized stratified squamous lining serves as
protection for underlying tissues
70
what muscle within the pharynx participate in swallowing?
pharyngeal constrictors
71
pharyngeal constrictors produce a
wave-like pattern of constiction
72
wave-like patterns of constirction
peristalsis
73
purpose of pharyngeal constrictors
constrict to help propel the bolus downwards
74
is peristalsis involuntary of voluntary?
involuntary process
75
tunics of the GI tract (innermost to outermost)
mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, serosa layer
76
3 components of mucosa (innermost to outermost)
epithelial layer, lamina propria, muscularis mucosae
77
epithelial layer
lines the digestive tract
78
lamina propria is what type of issue?
CT
79
muscularis mucosae is what types of muscle?
thin layer of smooth muscle
80
submucosa layer
layer of areolar/dense CT that binds mucosa to muscularis layer
81
2 layers of smooth muscle of the muscularis layer
inner circular layer, outer longitudinal layer
82
inner circular layer
contracts like a sphincter and helps push food through the digestive system
83
outer longitudinal layer
constrict and help with mixing food
84
serosa layer tissue type
areolar CT with collagen and elastic fibers
85
serosa layer changes its name depending on
whether its covered with visceral peritoneum
86
types of serosa layers
serosa, adventitia
87
serosa is covered with
visceral peritoneum
88
adventitia
not covered with visceral peritoneum
89
inner circular layer constricts the
lumen and forms sphincters
90
outer longitudinal layer constriction
shortens length of tube; runs parallel to the length of the tube
91
muscularis of stomach muscle
has third layer
92
third layer of stomach muscularis
oblique layer
93
oblique layer
has fascicles at an oblique angle to the other layers
94
adventitia is made of
areolar CT with collagen and elastic fibers

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